Mndandanda Waukulu Kwambiri wa Njoka Zowopsa za Africa

Dziko la Africa lili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njoka, zina mwazo ndizoopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Izi zimachokera ku mitundu yodabwitsa monga mamba wakuda, kwa njoka zomwe zimadziwika bwino monga njoka yamphepete ya West Africa. M'nkhani ino, tikuyang'ana mitundu yochepa chabe ya njoka za njoka za ku Africa, tisanayambe mitundu yambiri ya njoka za njoka komanso njira zomwe zimakhudza thupi la munthu.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ngakhale njoka ziyenera kuchitiridwa ulemu, zambiri za njoka sizikhala zoopsa. Ngakhale iwo omwe nthawi zambiri amayesera kupewa kupezeka ndi anthu m'malo mowonongeka. Mitundu yonse ya njoka ndi yofunika kwambiri pa zochitika zachilengedwe za ku Africa, ndikukwaniritsa udindo wapadera monga odyetsa nyama. Popanda iwo, anthu amtunduwo amatha kutuluka mopanda mphamvu. M'malo mowopa, tiyenera kuyesetsa kuwamvetsa ndi kuwasunga.

• 01 pa 10

  Black Mamba

  Ngakhale mamba wakuda ( Dendroaspis polylepis ) sizinthu zoopsa kwambiri za njoka za ku Africa, koma ndizoziwopa kwambiri. Pali zifukwa zingapo izi - kuphatikizapo chiwawa panthawi yake komanso kukula kwake. Ndilo mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa njoka za njoka zam'mlengalenga, ndipo pafupifupi kutalika kwa mamita 2.5 / 2.5 mamita. Mambas wakuda ndi njoka zonse za ku Afrika, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwira mobwerezabwereza. Utsi wawo umapangidwa ndi maurotoxin ndi cardiotoxins, ndipo ukhoza kuyambitsa munthu kugwa pambuyo mphindi 45 zokha. Popanda mankhwala osokoneza bongo, pafupifupi 100% amakhulupirira kuti wozunzikayo amwalira, kawirikawiri mkati mwa maola asanu ndi awiri kapena asanu ndi awiri. Ngakhale ali ndi dzina lawo, mambas wakuda sali achisanu koma achikasu kapena khungu la azitona. Amapezeka m'madera osiyanasiyana m'madera akummwera kwa Sahara Africa ndipo amathera nthawi yawo pansi kusiyana ndi mitengo.

• 02 pa 10

  Mphukira Adder

  Wowonjezera ( Bitis arietans ) amaonedwa kuti ndi njoka yoopsa kwambiri ku Afrika chifukwa ndi yomwe imapangitsa anthu kuti aphedwe. Izi zimachokera ku zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kufalitsa kwa njoka, kufalikira kwa madera ambiri komanso zachiwawa. Zowonjezera ziphuphu zimakhala pafupifupi kutalika kwa mamita 3.3 / 1.0 mamita ndipo zimakhala ndi zomangamanga zolimba zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi makina ambirimbiri. Amapezeka m'madera onse akummwera kwa Sahara, ndipo maonekedwe awo amasiyana malinga ndi kumene amakhala. Omwe amawombera amatha kudalira njira zawo zodabwitsa kuti atetezedwe ndi kukhalabe m'malo mothawa kuti asayandikire ngozi. Chifukwa cha izi, anthu amamenyedwa atapita mofulumira. Mitundu yonse ya njoka, nthendayi yowonjezera ndi imodzi mwa zowopsya kwambiri, komabe kufa kwakukulu kumachitika chifukwa cha kusalidwa bwino. Ngakhale m'milandu yosatetezedwa, chiwerengero cha anthu akufa chimakhala chochepa kwambiri kuposa 15%.

• 03 pa 10

  Boomslang

  Ku Africa ya kum'mwera kwa Sahara, boomslang ( Dispholidus typus ) amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa njoka zowopsa kwambiri m'dzikoli. Mafinya ake ndi haemotoxic, omwe amatanthauza kuti amachititsa kuti thupi lisawononge magazi komanso zimachititsa kuti magazi asatuluke kunja. Utendawu umakhala wochepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zizindikiro zimatenga maola angapo kuti adziwonetse okha. Chifukwa cha izi, nthawi zina anthu omwe amagwidwa ndi nkhanza amaganiza kuti safuna chithandizo, chomwe chikhoza kuonjezera kuwonongeka kwa chiwonongeko. Ngakhale kuti chiwombankhanga cha boomslang chikhoza kuchitika, anthu amafa chifukwa chosowa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa boomslangs ndi amanyazi, ndipo amathawa anthu osati kuwatsutsa. Iwo ndi njoka zokhala m'mitengo (dzina lawo limatanthauza "njoka yamtengo" mu Afrikaans). Zojambula zimasiyana, koma amuna amakhala obiriwira omwe ali ndi mbali zakuda kapena zakuda, pamene akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira. Boomslangs ali ndi maso akuluakulu ndipo amatha kutalika mamita 1.6 / mita.

• 04 pa 10

  Gaboon Viper

  Mbalame ya Gaboon ( Bitis gabonica ) imakhala ndi ululu wautali kwambiri wa njoka iliyonse yoopsa, yomwe imakhala ndi masentimita awiri / 5 m'litali. Iwenso ndi njoka yomwe imakhala ndi ululu wopambana kwambiri, komanso njoka yoopsa kwambiri m'banja lonse la njoka. Mbalame zamtundu wa Gaboon zimakhala zozungulira mamita asanu / 1.5 mamita m'litali, ndipo zimatha kulemera pafupifupi 25 lbs / 11.3 kg. Zili ndi mutu waukulu, wooneka ngati utatu, ndipo zimapezeka m'madera akumadzulo, Central ndi mbali za East Africa . Mbalame zam'madzi zimakonda kwambiri usiku , ndipo zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zobisala pofuna kusaka nyama. Amatha kupereka mankhwala akuluakulu a nthenda, ngakhale kuti chiwombankhanga chomwecho sichisokoneza kwambiri poyerekezera ndi mitundu ina ya njoka yoopsa. Kuluma kamodzi kungakhale koopsa, komabe, ndi nthenda yotsutsa iyenera kuperekedwa mwamsanga. Mbalame zamphongo ndizosauka, zomwe zimapweteka mofulumira njoka zomwe siziluma popanda kupweteka kapena kupitiliza.

• 05 ya 10

  Cobra ya ku Egypt

  Mbalame ya ku Egypt ( Naja haje ) ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yambiri ya ku Africa, yomwe imatha kutalika mamita mamita awiri. Amapezeka kumadera ambiri a kumpoto kwa Africa pamwamba pa Sahara, ndi kumadera ena a West ndi East Africa. Maonekedwe amasiyana kwambiri, kuchokera ku bulauni mpaka kufiira kwa mkuwa mpaka pafupifupi wakuda. Mbalame ya ku Egypt ili ndi zilonda zomwe zimayang'ana m'maso mwake zomwe zimatulutsa chiwombankhanga chakupha kwambiri chomwe chimatulutsa mitsempha yake yaikulu. Utsi umakhudza dongosolo la mitsempha, potsiriza limayambitsa imfa chifukwa cholephera kupuma. Mbalame za Aigupto zimakhala zosavuta pokhapokha zitakhala kuti zimawopsezedwa, panthawiyi zimakhala zowongoka ndi kufalitsa malo awo okhala ngati cobra ngati chenjezo lisanachitike. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya ming'oma ya ku Africa, mbira ya Aigupto siipiritsa nyama. Zikuganiziridwa kuti mfumukazi yotchedwa Queen Queen Cleopatra yotchedwa kuti ankadzipha kudziwika kuti iyenera kuti inali mtola wa ku Aigupto.

• 06 cha 10

  Chombo Chakumapeto kwa West African Carpet Viper

  Amatchedwanso kuti njoka yamoto ( Echis ocellatus ), njoka yamadzulo ya ku West Africa imakhala yovuta kwa mayiko akumadzulo kwa Africa . Zosangalatsa kwambiri kwa njoka yomwe ili ndi tinthu tating'ono kwambiri, ndi (kuphatikizapo wothira mafuta) nthawi zambiri imatchulidwa kuti ndiyo yomwe imayambitsa nthendayi yochuluka kwambiri yowononga njoka ku Africa. Njoka yamphepete ya West Africa ndi njoka yaing'ono, yomwe imakhala yaitali pafupifupi masentimita 20/50 cm. Zimakhala zachikasu zobiriwira, ndipo zimakhala ndi mawanga osiyana-siyana monga kutalika kwa matupi awo. Mawanga awa apangidwa kuti asokoneze nyama zowonongeka. Mofanana ndi boomslang, mafinya awo ndi haemotoxic, omwe amachititsa kuti magazi azikhala mkati mwaokha komanso kugwa kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kake kamakhalapo masiku ambiri ataluma. Njoka yamtundu wa West Africa ili ndi mantha osiyana, omwe amawombera pamodzi makina ake kuti amve phokoso lalikulu.

• 07 pa 10

  Cape Cobra

  Nkhono za Cape ( Naja nivea ) zimapezeka kudera lakumwera kwa Africa , kulumikiza madera ouma kuphatikizapo dera lamapiri ndi louma. Zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri, kukula mpaka mamita asanu / 1.5 mamita m'litali. Ngakhale kuti amadziwika kuti njoka zachikasu, mabala a Cape angabwere mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo golidi, bulauni komanso wakuda. Ndilo mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutanthauza kuti imakhala yogwira masana, ndipo imadyetsa zinyama zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku makoswe kupita ku zinyama kupita ku njoka zina. Makamaka, amadziwika kuti amawononga mbalame zam'mlengalenga . Zimamenyana mosavuta pamene zowopsezedwa, ndipo ndizoopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha chizoloŵezi chawo cholowetsa anthu. Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha kufa kwa anthu osapatsidwa chilango sichidziwika, chimawerengedwa kuti n'chokwanira ndi imfa yomwe imachitika pakati pa maola khumi ndi awiri pambuyo pake chifukwa cha kupuma kwake.

• 08 pa 10

  Eastern Green Mamba

  Mamba ya kumtunda ( Dendroaspis angusticeps ) ndi njoka yoopsa yokhudzana ndi mamba woopsa kwambiri. Amapezeka makamaka m'mapiri a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kum'mwera kwa Africa, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito moyo wake wonse m'mitengo. Ndi njoka yayikulu, yomwe ili mamita 2/2 m'litali. Monga momwe dzina lake limasonyezera, mambas zakuda chakummawa ndi zobiriwira zonyezimira, ngakhale kuti achikulire amakhala akuda kwambiri. Zimakhala zikugwedezeka modabwitsa ndipo ngakhale zimakhala zogwira masana, sizikuwoneka. Ali ndi chikhalidwe chochititsa mantha kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amapewa anthu, kawirikawiri amawombera pokhapokha atakwiya kwambiri. Mambas obiriwira kumtunda amatha kulumphira maulendo angapo, kumayambitsa utsi wambiri. Ngati osatengeredwa, chiwerengero cha anthu akufa ndi chokwanira. Zizindikilo zimaphatikizapo kutupa, chizungulire, kunyozetsa ndipo pomalizira pake, imfa imachokera ku kupuma kwa thupi.

• 09 ya 10

  Dziwani Chithokomiro Cha Njoka Yanu

  Sikuti njoka yonse ya njoka ndi yofanana, ndipo mtundu uliwonse umagwira ntchito mosiyana. Kawirikawiri, njoka ya njoka imagawidwa m'magulu anayi otsatirawa:

  • Nthenda yotchedwa Neurotoxic : imayambitsa kayendedwe kabwino ka mitsempha, yokhudza kuyenda, kupuma, kumeza, kulankhula ndi kuona.
  • Nthenda ya Hemotoxic : imakhudza mphamvu ya thupi kuti igwirizane, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwamagazi kwakukulu chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa magazi ndi kunja.
  • Nthenda ya cytotoxic : imayambitsa maselo a thupi kapena ziwalo, zimayambitsa ululu waukulu, kutupa kwakukulu komanso zizindikiro za mantha.
  • Matenda a myotoxic : amachititsa minofu necrosis, potsirizira pake amachititsa imfa kudzera mu impso ndi mtima kulephera.

• 10 pa 10

  Kukhala Pamodzi ndi Njoka

  Ngakhale mndandanda wa zoopsazi, ndibwino kukumbukira kuti zotsutsana ndi zinyama zilipo pa mitundu iliyonse yomwe ili pamwambapa. Musalole kuopa njoka kumakulepheretsani kufufuza malo a chipululu okongola kwambiri a Africa. Ndi chisamaliro chapadera ndi mlingo wathanzi wa ulemu, palibe chomwe chingalepheretse anthu ndi njoka kuti zisakhale mogwirizana.

  Ngati mwakhumudwa kuti mumve, yesetsani kukumbukira zizindikiro za njoka kuti muthe kuthandiza othandizi a chipatala kuti azindikire. Mwa njira iyi, iwo adzakupatsani chithandizo cholondola mwamsanga. Ngakhale mutakhala bwino, onetsetsani kuti mwapeza chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsanga. Zizindikiro zina zingatenge maola kuti ziwonekere, panthawi yomwe zingachedwe kupeza thandizo.

  Kusinthidwa ndi Jessica Macdonald