"Glorious Revolution", Williamite Wars ndi 1690
Pa July 1, 1690, magulu aŵiri a Danish, French, Dutch, Huguenot, German, English komanso asilikali a ku Ireland anakumana pamtsinje wa River Boyne pafupi ndi Drogheda . Onse awiri anatsogoleredwa ndi amuna akutsindika kuti iwowo okha ndiwo Mfumu yoyenera ya England. Gulu lalikulu la magulu onsewa sanagwidwepo pankhondoyi. Nkhondo ya Boyne sinali yovuta mwa njira iliyonse. Izo sizinali ngakhale za Ireland - komabe izo zinakhala chimodzi mwa zozizwitsa kwambiri mu mbiriyakale ya Irish.
1688 - Glorious Revolution
Kuti afotokoze nkhondo ya Boyne munthu ayenera kuyamba pazifukwa zake. King James Wachiwiri wa England, Stuart, adakayikira apolisi a Westminster ndi ndondomeko zake za ndale komanso zozizwitsa zake za mpingo wa Katolika. Popambana mchimwene wake Charles II kukhala mfumu, James anali ndi zaka 51 ndipo sanayembekezere kudzatha. Kapena kumanga ubale - analibe mwana. Ndipo mtsogolo mwa mpando wachifumuwo anali Mary, mchemwali wa Charles, yemwe anakwatira William - yemwe anali wolemekezeka wa ku Ulaya tsopano wokhala Mtsogoleri wa Chipani cha Protestant.
Ngakhale kuti zikhulupiriro zake zachipembedzo zikanakhala zolekerera kwa kanthaŵi, James 'amati ndiwe wolamulira wodalirikayo anapeza nthenga za Phalamenti zonse mwachisawawa. Zaka zosaposa 40 zapitazo mutu wa mfumu unadulidwa kuti akwaniritse zofuna zomwezo. Patapita miyezi inayi, James II atayamba kupandukira pansi pa ulamuliro wa Duke wa Monmouth (mphwake, ngakhale apathengo) analephera.
"Mwazi Wamagazi" unatsatira, ndikuyimbira ponena kuti pali ufumu weniweni.
Udzu womaliza unadza pa June 10, 1688, ngati Prince of Wales - ngati kuti mwa matsenga James anapeza mwadzidzidzi polenga mwamuna wolowa nyumba! Kutsatizana kwa Chikatolika kunatsimikiziridwa.
William adayika mazira ake onse mudengu limodzi, napita ku England kupita ku Brixham pa November 5, 1688.
Poonetsetsa kuti akuthandizira anthu a Chingerezi, William anapita ku London, atha kuponya James kuchokera ku England. "Glorious Revolution" inali yopambana ndipo pa February 13 William ndi Mary adakhala ndi mafumu olamulira - atatha kulemba Bill of Rights ndikupanga ufumu watsopano kukhala wosatheka.
A Yakobobe Amatsutsana ndi Afilipi
Ulemerero wa Revolution unagonjetsa dziko la Britain posiyana nawo ndale - otsutsa a "Old King" akulonjeza kukana kusintha kwa ndale ndi mphamvu. Iwo anakhala pamodzi podziwika kuti ndi Yakobo, James pokhala Chingerezi cha dzina la m'Baibulo Yakobo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti othandizira a King William adadziwika kuti Willamites.
Kuwona mkangano uwu ngati nkhani yachipembedzo ndizochita zopanda phindu - ngakhale kuti James Katolika anadandaula ndipo pomalizira pake adatsogolera kugwa kwake. Nkhani za ndale zinali zofunika kwambiri. Ndipo William Protestant anali atathandizidwa ndi Papa Innocent XI. Ndipo alangizi a William a ku Ulaya adachokera ku League of Augsburg - nyumba yotsutsana ndi a French, koma kuphatikizapo ma Katolika.
Kupita ku Ireland
Dziko la Ireland linakhala mwachangu pafupi ndi ngozi - atachoka ku England, James Wachiŵiri adamupatsa William korona pa mbale ya siliva.
Chiyembekezo chake chokha cha kubwezeretsedwa chinali chogwirizana ndi kubwerera kumalo ake. Ndipo gawo limodzi lokha linkatengedwa kuti ndi lotetezeka komanso lomvetsa chisoni - Katolika wa Ireland, lolamulidwa bwino ndi Jacobite Tyrconnel.
Tyrconnel anali atatsimikizika kuti apitirize kulamulira ku Ireland ndi kusewera masewera ophatikizapo William, James ndi Louis XIV wa ku France.
Ndi madalitso a ku France ndi thandizo la usilikali James Wachiwiri anafika ku Kinsale pa March 12th, 1689, pofuna kuti agonjetse Ireland, kuposa Scotland, ndiye England. Otsatira ambiri a Yakobo anawatsatira ndipo kuzungulira kwa Derry kunayamba pa 16 April, a Williamiti akuwoneka kuti ataya kwambiri. Ndipo James adakwanitsa kukhazikitsa nyumba yake ya pulezidenti ku Dublin.
Koma nkhondo ya Duke wa Schomberg, panthawiyo mtsogoleri wa Brandenburg "pokongoza ngongole" kwa William, adasintha zomwezo.
Ndipo pa June 14th, 1690, William III adalowa ku Ireland mtsogoleri wa asilikali 15,000 (makamaka Dutch ndi Denmark) - pogwiritsa ntchito doko la Carrickfergus ndikupita kumwera kwa Dublin kudzera ku Newry ndi Drogheda.
James II anaganiza zopewera njirayi pomuteteza ku Dublin m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa River Boyne. Kugwira ntchito Drogheda ndi Oldbridge Estate kumadzulo kunkawoneka ngati malingaliro abwino panthawiyo.
Nkhondo ya Boyne mu 1690
Momwemo m'mawa wa July 1, 1690, zinali zomveka - William III ankafuna kudutsa ku Dublin ndipo anayenera kupeza njira kudutsa Boyne. Posavuta kuchita, Drogheda adalimbikitsidwa ndi asilikali a Jacob akudutsa pafupi ndi Oldbridge Estate ankawona cholinga chokha chokhazikitsidwa. Kotero William anayenda ndi asilikali ake kumeneko.
Kudikira kukomana naye anali asilikali okhulupirika kwa James II, wotsogozedwa ndi munthu mwiniyo. Ndipo ichi ndi chifukwa choyamba chomwe nkhondoyo inapindula kutchuka: Iyi ndiyo nthawi yokha mafumu onse anali pa nkhondo, akuyang'anizana (ngakhale patali).
Nkhondo yokhayo, ngakhale kuti inali yamagazi mokwanira, siinali yaikulu yaikulu. Ambiri mwa asilikali okha "adamenyana" kunja kwaseri, ena adagwedezeka, adatsitsidwira ndi adani omwe akudutsa pamtunda wa dziko losadabwitsa. Ndipo pamene a Yakobo anali ndi malo otetezeka kwambiri a Williamiti kuposa momwe anawongolera zovuta pakukhala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo komanso kuwombera asilikali odziwa bwino ntchito. Patapita maola angapo asilikaliwa, ngakhale atatayika Mkulu wa Schomberg, adakakamiza kudutsa gawo la Boyne, kukamenyana ndi zigawenga ndi kukhazikitsa njira yabwino pamtsinje, kupita ku Dublin.
Ndipo apa pali chiwonetsero chachikulu chomwe anapeza - William wa Orange akuwoloka Boyne anakhala chizindikiro choyimirabe lero. Ndipo James atathawira phokoso-kumwela chakummwera, potsiriza ku France ndi kuti asabwerere, saiwalika ngakhale. Komanso sizinali zomwe adanena kwa Lady Tyrconnel kuti anthu a dziko lake amatha kuyenda bwinobwino. Poyankha zomwe anaona kuti zikuwoneka kuti akuwatsogolera.
Koma wina ayenera kuwonjezera kuti James sanali kutali kwambiri - makamaka "Gaelic Irish" regiments kachiwiri anatsimikiza mtima wawo kupita kwawo pamene wapolisi wawo anaphedwa. "Choyambitsa" chinali lingaliro lovuta kwambiri kwa iwo.
Kuwonetsa Kusowa Kwa Yakobo
Pamene nkhondo ya Boyne sinali yovuta mwa njira iliyonse, nkhondo inapitiliza. Choyamika kwambiri chifukwa chachikulu cha William - m'malo mwa kusankha mtendere ndi chiyanjanitso iye anapha ana a Yakobo ndipo anawombera kuti adzipereke. Mtima wopambana ndi malingaliro ake sizinali zofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zake - ndipo motero adatha kuumitsa kukana kwa mdaniyo. Chimene chinatha patatha chaka chimodzi ku Limerick.
A Jacobbe anapanga miyeso iwiri yowonjezera kuti adzalandenso ufumu ku Stuarts - mu 1715 komanso kachiwiri mu 1745, otsiriza pansi pa zovuta koma zovuta kwambiri "Bonnie Prince Charlie". Pambuyo pa kuphedwa kwake kwa asilikali ake pa nkhondo ya Culloden (Scotland) a Jacobite amapanga mpweya wabwino. Koma Culloden anakhala ngati chizindikiro cha Scotland ngati Battle of the Boyne ndi ya Ireland.
Nkhondo ya Boyne monga Icon Protestant
Ngakhale kuti mbiri yake inali yopanda phindu, nkhondo ya Boyne inakhala chizindikiro cha Chiprotestanti ndi Unionist - ichi chinali makamaka chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mafumu onse pa nkhondo. Chithunzi cha James akuthamanga kuchokera kwa William wopambana chinali chabwino kwambiri kuti sichikana. Ngakhale William wampulotesitanti anamenyana ndi James Wachikatolika ndipo sankamuthandiza Papa Innocent XI!
Lamulo la Orange, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 1790s kuti lisunge Protestant Ascendency, linapangitsa chikondwerero cha nkhondo kukhala chinthu chachikulu pa kalendala yake. Chimene chidali lero - ngakhale kuti nthawi yowunikira ikuchitika makamaka pa July 12, tsiku lolakwika . July 12th ndilo tchuthi lapadera ku Northern Ireland ndipo ziwonetsero zazikulu zimakumbukira kupambana kwa William (chigawo chimodzi chokha cha Orange Chakuchitika makamaka ku Republic - ku Rossnowlagh ). Chochitika chochititsa chidwi, ngakhale chigawenga chogawanika ndi chiphunzitso cha chikhalidwe. Ndipo nthawi zonse ndikufuula ndi kumwa " Sash yomwe Atate Anga Ankavala " ...
Ndipo ulendo wa (Protestant) Belfast udzakufikitsani inu maso ndi maso ndi chithunzithunzi chomwe chinayaka mu malingaliro achi Irish - "Mfumu Billy" mu malaya ofiira, atayang'ana kavalo woyera, akuloza lupanga lake ku chigonjetso ndi tsogolo labwino la Chiprotestanti . Chizindikiro ichi sichingakhale cholondola m'mbiri yakale, koma mwana aliyense wa sukulu wa ku Ireland adzazindikira nthawi yomweyo. Pa mbali zonsezi zagawani. Sichikuimira kupambana kwa Chipulotesitanti koma komanso kugwirizana kwa England.