Penny kwa Irish Guy? Chikhalidwe cha ku Britain choiwala.
Usiku wa Guy Fawkes (womwe ukhoza kutchedwanso Guy Fawkes Day, Bonfire Night kapena Fireworks Night) ndi mwambo wokumbukira womwe ukuchitika pa November 5th. Choyamba ndizochitika ku Britain ndipo zakhala zikuiwalika (kapena m'malo) ndi zikondwerero zina panthawi yomweyo. Chikondwererocho chimakumbukira tsiku limene Akatolika angapo anayesera kuthetsa chigamulo cha British (Protestant) chokhazikitsidwa ... ndipo adalephera.
Motero, ku Ireland, Guy Fawkes Night ankawoneka ngati tsiku la chikondwerero chosangalatsa ndi gawo limodzi la anthu - ndipo masiku ano anthu ena a Loyalist ku Northern Ireland angalandire zochitika patsikulo.
Chiyambi cha Guy Fawkes Night
Guy Fawkes Usiku unayambitsa kupha munthu - pa November 5 m'chaka cha 1605, Guy (kapena Guido) Fawkes anamangidwa m'zipinda pansi pa Nyumba ya Ambuye. Osangokhala wolakwa chabe, anagwidwa ndi manja ofiira ... akuyang'anira mfuti yayikulu pamabolo. Izi zinayikidwa pansi pa nyumba yamalamulo kuti ziwonongeke mwachiprotestanti ndikupha King James I. Cholinga cha (chotchedwa "Gunpowder Plot") chinali kukhazikitsidwa kwa ufumu wa Katolika ku England ndipo Scotland, ndi kusintha kwa kukonzanso. Kaya izi zikanapambana, ngakhale kuti chiwembucho chinapambana, chikhoza kukambitsirana.
Zikutheka kuti pangakhale nthawi yachisokonezo ndi chisokonezo, motsogozedwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa olakwira chiwembu.
Atanena zimenezo, Guy Fawkes mwiniwakeyo akuoneka kuti anali Mkatolika wodzipereka ndipo anali ndi mbiri yotchuka - pambuyo pomenyana ndi a Catholic Katolika ku Spain motsutsana ndi Aprotestanti ku Netherlands (iye anafika monga mbali ya asilikali a Irish akuthandiza opandukawo poyamba. .. ..
yemwe anagonjetsa anapanga nkhope yochititsa chidwi ndi ku Spain), anayesera kupempha thandizo la Chisipanishi kuti likhale lokonzanso Chingelezi la ulamuliro wa Katolika. Izi sizinawapindule kwambiri, koma abwenzi omwe alimi a Fawkes omwe ali kumalo okwezeka ... zomwe zinamupangitsa kuti alowe nawo mu Pulogalamu ya Gunpowder.
Atagwidwa, Fawkes anafunsidwa mafunso (mwina mwadzidzidzi wa kudzikuza) akuvomerezeka momasuka kuti akukonzekera kupha anthu. Kwenikweni akuitana kuphedwa mwamsanga. Komabe, izi sizinagwire ntchito monga momwe zinakonzedwera - kenako adamuzunza, pofuna kumupangitsa kuti asiye mayina a ogwirizanitsa. Poyesa "wosalakwa" pa chiyeso chotsutsa chiwonongeko (iye mwini, Fawkes sanachite cholakwika pambuyo pake), iye (sadadabwe nazo, komanso kutchuka kwa anthu ambiri) anapeza kuti ali ndi mlandu ndipo anaweruzidwa ku imfa yayitali. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri adakopeka ndi "nyenyezi," ndikukangana pa January 31, 1606, Fawkes adawona imfa yoopsa ya anzake. Kenaka, pomasulidwa komanso omasulidwa, adatha kumunamiza munthu wodula pakhomo podziponyera yekha pamutu pake.
Mwa njira ... pali lingaliro lakuti chiwembu chinali chenichenicho ntchito ya mbendera yachinyengo ndipo Guy Fawkes inakhazikitsidwa.
Guy Fawkes Usiku Kupyolera mu Zaka
Pochita mwambo wokumbukira kuti King James I adapulumuka kuyesayesa kwa moyo wake (monga momwe mauthenga abodza adayankhira - Guy Fawkes anamangidwa pakati pausiku usiku ndipo IED yapadera inapangidwa maola angapo pamaso pa James I ngakhale atatsegula Nyumba yamalamulo yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pa November 5th), mipando yowonongeka inali kuyatsa ku London. Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, "Kusungidwa kwa lamulo lachisanu ndi chaka chachisanu ndi chiwiri" kudaperekedwa, ndikupanga tsikulo chikondwerero chakuthokoza chaka ndi chaka.
Polimbana ndi chitetezo chachipembedzo ndi chidziwitso kwa zaka makumi angapo zotsatira, anthu a ku Britain adagwira ku "Tsiku la Chiwonetsero cha Chiwombankhanga" ngati bakha kumadzi. Anayesedwa ngati tsiku la chikondwerero, kuyamika komanso kusangalala, posakhalitsa anapeza zipembedzo zolimba. Monga cholinga cha maganizo otsutsana ndi Chikatolika, zikondwerero za pachaka zinagwira ntchito.
Atumiki a Puritani makamaka amapereka mauthenga owopsa pa zoopsa za "papepala" (nthawi zambiri amanyengerera kuposa zonse zenizeni, koma mwachiwonekere sichikhulupiriro choposa), akukwapula ziweto zawo kuti zikhale zovuta. Chimene chinkapitilira kunja kwa tchalitchi - makamu osalamulirika sanangotentha mafilimu, koma ankagwiritsanso ntchito izi kuwotcha papa kapena Guy Fawkes mu effigy (nthawi zina ankaphimbidwa ndi amphaka a moyo kuti azitha kuwoneka bwino).
Pafupi ndi nthawi ya Regency (1811 mpaka 1820) zinali zofala m'madera ena kuti ana azikonzekera bwino Guy Fawkes pasanakhale mwambowu, azipita kumisewu ndikuzigwiritsira ntchito ngatipemphapempha - choncho "ndalama kwa mnyamatayu? " Zinakhalanso zachilendo kwa zakale kuti zikhazikitsidwe pa Nightfire Night, ndi zipolowe ndi nkhondo zomwe sizidziwika.
Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900 maganizo adasintha kwambiri ndipo mwambo wa Chikumbutso chachisanu cha 5 November unachotsedwa mu 1859, odana ndi Akatolika ndi opanikizana omwe akutsutsana nawo ndipo chikondwererocho chinasandulika kukhala chokondweretsa banja pamapeto a zaka zana. M'kati mwa zaka za zana la makumi asanu ndi awiri (20th century), adakalipobe, koma lero watsala pang'ono kutha ndi kutuluka kwa Halloween.
Usiku wa Guy Fawkes ku Ireland
Gombe la Gunpowder makamaka linalowera ku England ndi Scotland - Wales ndi Ireland anali mbali chabe yomwe ikuwonetsa zomwe zikuchitika kumeneko, ndipo makamaka Ireland inali yotanganidwa kufunafuna zofuna zake nthawi zambiri . Koma anthu okhala ku Britain ankanyamula miyambo ya Guy Fawkes usiku kulikonse, makamaka m'madera a America ndi ku Ireland, makamaka Mbewu za Kumpoto. Ku North America kunadziwika kuti "Tsiku la Papa" ndipo kunali kutaya kutchuka m'zaka za zana la 18 (pambuyo poti zonse zowonongeka zinachita mwatsatanetsatane ndi chikondwerero cha mfumu ya Britain). Ku Ireland kunali makamaka, kokha, m'madera a Chiprotestanti ndipo pasanapite nthawi anayamba kuphana.
Masiku ano, Guy Fawkes Night akuiwalidwa kwathunthu, ngakhale kumpoto kwa Ireland - kumene anthu ambiri ovina adzatopa ndi nyengo ya Halowini (malingaliro akuti Guy Fawkes Night anali malo odziwika bwino a Chiprotestanti m'malo mwa Samhain sali otsimikizika kwambiri).
Mauni a Bonfire ku Ireland
Ireland ikukhala ndi "Mawuni a Bonfire" akulu awiri mpaka lero - imodzi imakhala pa 12th July (chaka chokumbukira nkhondo ya the Boyne , kotero idakondwerera kumalo a Loyalist). Izi ziri ndi zofanana zambiri ndi Guy Fawkes usiku chifukwa chotsutsana ndi chikhulupiliro cha Catholicism ndi kuti papa akhoza kutenthedwa mwachangu (pamodzi ndi aphungu monga Gerry Adams). Wina "Usiku Usiku" umakondweretsedwa m'madera achikatolika ku St. John's Eve (June 23).
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mafilimu amatsitsimwenso asonkhanira ndipo amadya pa Halloween. Zambiri mwaziwonetserozi zimakhala za thanzi komanso chitetezo, choncho mabungwe am'deralo akuyesetsa kuti asayambe kuyatsa. Chimene chimawapangitsa kukhala phokoso lamakani chifukwa cha zikondwerero zosokonezeka ndi kufika kwa gulu la moto , ndipo kawirikawiri zimakhala zovuta za khalidwe losagwirizana.