Njira Yotsogolera ku Masikiti a Masiku Ano a Somalia
Ophedwa a ku Somali amawombera nkhani zowonongeka mpaka nthawi ya chilimwe cha 2012. Zikuwoneka kuti phwando likhoza kutha, ndipo chiwombankhanga chidzakhala chachikulu kwa anthu okhala ku Puntland. Zikuwoneka kuti mayiko ambiri akuyesa kuimitsa anthu othawa kuti akwere ngalawa iliyonse yomwe idabwera ndi kufunsa mamiliyoni ambiri kuti awomboledwe akuyamba kulipira. Ngakhale "Mphuno Yaikulu" posachedwapa ndi malonda. Osati kamphindi posakhalitsa, popeza zida zankhanza zakhala zikuyambitsa makampani okaona malo oyendayenda ku gombe la Kenya ndi milandu ingapo yowopsya yakugwira kuchokera ku gombe lalitali.
Dziwani kuti ndi ndani amene ali ndi zida zamakono zamakono, malo ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito, ndi chifukwa chake adachoka ku nsomba kupita ku piracy. Ayenera kuti asinthire mfuti zawo ndi maukonde kachiwiri mu 2013.
Mkhalidwe Wachikhalidwe Wa Piritsi Wa Somalia
Malinga ndi lipoti laposachedwapa la BBC, ophedwa a ku Somali anagwira anthu 1,181 ogwidwa mu 2010 ndipo adalipira madola mamiliyoni ambiri mu dipo.
Kugwa kwa 2011, anthu opitirira mazana atatu anali akugwiriridwa ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a pirate omwe anali ku Somalia.
Bungwe la International Maritime Bureau (IMB) limaona kuti gombe la Somalia ndilo madzi owopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pa nthawi iliyonse opha ziweto amakhala ndi zombo khumi ndi ziwiri kuphatikizapo oyendetsa mafuta omwe nthawi zina amatha kuitanitsa ndalama zokwana madola 25 miliyoni. Chizoloŵezi choyimira piracy chimawoneka monga chonchi:
11.04.2009: 1240 UTC: Posn: 00: 18.2N - 051: 44.3E, Pafupifupi 285 nm kum'mawa kwa Mogadishu, Somalia.
Opha anthu asanu ndi atatu omwe anali ndi mfuti ndi RPG m'mapiri awiri, atangoyambika ndi sitima ya amayi, anagonjetsa sitimayo.
Mphunzitsi anakula mofulumira kufika pa ma 22.8 ndipo mafundewa amatsata ma 23.5. Iwo amayandikira pafupi kwambiri ndi kuwotcha ngalawa. Mphunzitsi adapanga zowonongeka ndikulepheretsa kukwera.
Kodi Somali Pirates ikugwira ntchito kuti?
Somalia ili ndi nyanja yaikulu (onani mapu), atakulungidwa kuzungulira Horn ya Africa. Mu 2008 masewera ambiri a pirate anayambitsidwa mumsewu wopapatiza wotchedwa Gulf of Aden.
Poyankha kuwonongeka kumeneku komanso chifukwa chachuma chomwe anali nacho pachitima chotchuka chotumiza sitima, zombo zankhondo zamayiko apadziko tsopano zikuchitika paulendo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Mahatchiwa tsopano akudziwika kuti akugwiritsa ntchito "ngalawa zamayi" kotero kuti athe kuyambitsa ziwonongeko panyanja. Onetsetsani mapu awa a dziko lonse lapansi owonetsetsa zachiwawa kuti muwone mwachidule zochitika zonse zatsopano zokhudzana ndi piracy.
Kodi awa Pirates ndi ndani?
Ophedwa a Somali samavala zovala za maso, ndipo mmalo mwa malupanga, ali ndi RPGs (mabomba a rocket-propelled). Amagwiritsa ntchito timipira ting'onoting'ono kuti tifike ndikugwira ntchito ndi antchito khumi kapena asanu. Akapeza cholinga chenicheni, amayambitsa zingwe ndi zingwe kuti akwere ngalawa ndi kuwaponya. Nthawi zambiri amamenyana usiku.
Mu 2008, sitima 40 zinagwidwa bwino ndipo ziphuphu zinalipidwa kuyambira $ 500,000 mpaka $ 2 miliyoni. Mu 2010, sitima 49 zinatengedwa kuchokera ku gombe la Somalia (pakati pa 53 padziko lonse). Ndiko kulimbikitsana kwa asodzi osauka omwe akukhala m'dziko la Africa. Amphawi amatha kukhala bwino, amakwatira akazi okongola, amayendetsa galimoto zazikulu, amanga nyumba zazikulu, ndi kugula zida zowonjezereka. Nkhondo za ku Somali zili ndi malipoti, zimapereka ndalama kwa anthu amalonda, ndipo zimayendetsa chuma cha dera la Puntland.
Lipoti la BBC mu January 2012 linanena kuti opha ziweto akhala akuchulukitsa kwambiri chuma cha Somalia, koma sizinapitilirepo m'madera akumidzi.
Kudyetsa ndi kumanga anthu ogwidwa ndi zipolowe kumathandiza kuti pakhale chuma ku Puntland. Lipoti la BBC lomwe linalembedwa mu September 2008 linalongosola za moyo m'tawuni ya pirate ya ku Somali: "Eyl yakhala tawuni yopangidwa ndi anthu opha nyama - komanso malo awo ogwidwa. Monga achifwamba akufuna malipiro a dipo, amayesa kusamalira awo ogwidwa. "
Madzi a Nyanja Kapena Malo Otsala Kumtsinje?
Mu lipoti laposachedwapa, wofufuza za BBC Somalia Mohamed Mohamed akuti opha nyama ndi ophatikizapo asodzi, akazembe, komanso makompyuta. Palibe kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba yaikulu ngati simukudziwa momwe radiyo ikugwirira ntchito ndipo chotero sangathe kuitanitsa dipo lanu.
Ma Pirates amayenera kudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito GPS.
Ophedwa a Somalia samadziona okha ngati anthu oipa. Pirate yomwe inafotokozedwa ndi New York Times inati: "Sitikudziona kuti ndife magulu a m'nyanjayi. Timaganizira anthu omwe amamenya nsomba m'madzi mwathu ndi kutaya zinyalala m'nyanja zathu ndikunyamula zida m'madzi athu. Talingalirani za ife ngati mlonda wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja. " Nkhaniyi imapitiriza kuti: "Boma lalikulu la Somalia linakhazikitsidwa mu 1991 ndipo linapangitsa kuti dzikoli likhale chipwirikiti. Pomwe panalibe ma patrol m'mphepete mwenimweni mwa nyanja, madzi a nsomba a Somalia anagonjetsedwa ndi nsomba zamalonda padziko lonse. kuyang'anitsitsa poyendetsa mabwato osaloledwa mosavomerezeka ndikupempha kuti apereke msonkho ".
Komanso, fufuzani kanema iyi ndi katswiri wojambula zithunzi K'Naan chifukwa cha lingaliro lodziwika bwino la Somalia pankhani ya piracy.
Nchifukwa chiyani Malamulo a Boma la Somalia salipo?
Somalia sakuchitapo kanthu motsutsana ndi achifwamba awa, ndipo sangathe kulemba zodandaula kuchokera ku sitima zomwe zikugwedezeka, chifukwa ili ndi boma lopanda ntchito. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, kunalibe boma konse. Boma lamakono la Somalia likufuna kuthandiza koma kwenikweni, sichikulamulira kwathunthu likulu la Mogadishu, siyani malo ngati Puntland.
Chiyembekezo Chilichonse Chosiya Ma Pirates?
Poyankha kuwonongeka kwa zigawenga ku Gulf of Aden kumapeto kwa 2008, magulu a mayiko akhala akuyendetsa malowa. Zikuwoneka kuti zikugwira ntchito mu 2009, ndi kukwapula mpaka kufika pafupi 41 kwa miyezi inayi yoyambirira ya chaka. Komabe, mu 2010 anthu oposa 1,181 ogwidwa ukapolo anagwidwa ndi achifwamba omwe anali ndi madola mamiliyoni ambiri omwe amaperekedwa chifukwa cha dipo.
Pofika chaka cha 2012, maulendo apadziko lonse m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Aden analikuvutitsa oopsa a ku Somalia kuti ayambe kuwononga. Koma, zombo makumi anai ndi makumi anayi ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi (400) akugwiritsidwabe ntchito ku Somalia kapena ku Somalia, malinga ndi gulu la Ecoterra International lomwe likuyang'anira chiwawa cha m'derali.
Zombo zowonjezereka panyanja, ndizopita kwa abwanamkubwa kuti ayesedwe ndi kuwongolera, amphawiwa pamabwato othamanga, amawaponya pansi ndi nyumba zamoto, komanso ngakhale moto. Inshuwalansi pa sitimayi m'dera lino ikuyenda nthawi zonse. Ndipo palinso malamulo ambirimbiri omwe amalola kuti sitimayo iliyonse isalowemo ndi kuwombera pamsitima wosakhala usilikali. Malo omwe amphawi ambiri amagwira ntchito amakhala pafupifupi kasanu ndi kukula kwa Texas, kotero kuti zovuta zimakhala zovuta kuonetsetsa kuti njira iliyonse yodutsa m'ngalawamo iliyonse ili mumadzi.
Palinso nkhani ya ogwira ntchito ndi kuwasunga motetezeka. Zimakhala zovuta kuwombera opha nyama popanda kuvulaza ogwidwawo. Asilikali a ku India anawombera zomwe ankaganiza kuti ndi pirate mu November 2008, adakhala a Thais ndipo anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito adavulazidwa. Onani nkhani yonseyi.
Kuchokera mu 2011 anthu ena ophedwa anagwidwa ndipo asanu ndi mmodzi anaimbidwa mlandu ku Paris mu November 2011.
Foni ya M'chaka cha 2012?
Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2012, Pulezidenti wa Pirate adadziwika kuti wapambana - Party Over For Somali Pirates? - AP. Phwando lingangosunthira ku malo ena, kapena mwinamwake achifwamba adzatha kubwerera ku nsomba. Ndalama ya Khat idakalipobe, Sindingadabwe ngati atayang'ana.
A Stable Somalia ndi Njira Yothetsera Nthawi Yaitali
Mwachiwonekere, Somalia yotetezeka ndi yowonjezeka ndiyo yankho lenileni ndipo ingapangitse zambiri za izi. Kupeza boma lothandizira pa malo ayenera kukhala sitepe yoyamba.