Tchalitchi cha Saint-Denis: Buku Lathunthu

01 ya 09

Oyendayenda Oyendayenda Site ndi Royal Necropolis

Mzinda wa Saint Denis, womwe uli pafupi ndi malire a Paris, ndi umodzi mwa malo ochititsa chidwi kwambiri a malo otchedwa gothic ndi mbiri yakale ya ku France, koma nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa ndi alendo (omwe amakafika ku Notre Dame Cathedral kapena Sainte- Chapelle .) Ikulingalira kuti ndi chitsanzo choyambirira kwambiri cha zomangamanga za gothic, zomangidwa pakati pa 1140 ndi 1144.

Malo okhala mabwinja a Saint Denis , woyera wachifumu wa France (ofera m'chaka cha 250 AD), malowa adayendera alendo, oyendayenda, ndi alendo omwe alipo kuyambira zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Ngakhale kuti malo a tchalitchi chamakono komanso a royal necropolis ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ngati manda a Gallo-Roman komanso tchalitchi chaching'ono chomwe chinamangidwa pamanda a St. Denis mu 475, mfumu ya Merovingian mfumu Dagobert kenaka inakhazikitsa tchalitchi chachikulu pazaka za m'ma 700. Mafupa a St. Denis adasamukira kumapiri a tchalitchi, komwe mandawo angakhoze kuwonetseredwa.

Werengani zokhudzana: 6 Malo ku Paris Kuti Pezani Mbiri Yanu ya Zakale

Tchalitchichi chinkaonedwa kuti ndi chopatulika kwambiri moti Pepin the Short, bambo wa Charlemagne, anaikidwa kukhala mfumu ku Tchalitchi cha St. Denis m'chaka cha 754. Iye anaikidwa m'manda kumeneko, pamodzi ndi mafumu ambiri ndi akazi a ku France kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 600 kufikira imfa ya Louis XVIII mu 1824. Tchalitchi (chomwe chinakhala tchalitchi chachikulu mu 1966) chinagawidwa m'magawo awiri. Necropolis yodzala ndi kuwala imakhala ndi zifaniziro zoposa makumi asanu ndi awiri (70) zojambulajambula ndi manda omwe akuyimira malo otsiriza a anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwambiri a ku France: mafumu 42, mfumukazi 32, akalonga 63 ndi akazi aakazi, ndipo anthu 10 ofunika kwambiri a mbiri yakale amaikidwa pano. Pamphepete mwa nyanjayi yokhala ndi zozizwitsa zomwe zimachitika ndi kanyumba ka Cathedral ndi crypt, kumene alendo angapeze manda a St. Denis ndi omaliza a mafumu a French Bourbon, kuphatikizapo Louis XVI yemwe anali woipa ndi Marie-Antoinette, atadula mutu French Revolution.

Ngakhale kuti kamodzi kamakhala ndi amwendamnjira ochokera kumadera onse a ku France masiku oyenda pansi kukafika ku Tchalitchi, St. Denis tsopano akuthokoza kwambiri kwa "amwendamnjira" olemekezeka kwambiri pakati pathu; Zimapangitsa kuyenda ulendo wochititsa chidwi komanso wofunikira kuchokera ku Paris .

Malo ndi Kufika Kumeneko

Adilesi: 1 rue de la Légion d'honneur, Saint-Denis 93200
Metro: Basilique de St. Denis (mzere 13)
Pitani ku webusaiti yathuyi kuti mudziwe zambiri

Maola Otsegula

Katolika ndi necropolis zimatsegulidwa chaka chonse, ndi zochepa zochepa.
April 1 mpaka September 30: 10am mpaka 6:15 madzulo, Lamlungu 12 mpaka 6:15 pm
October 1 mpaka March 31: 10am mpaka 5 pm, Lamlungu 12 mpaka 5:15 pm

Dziwani: Kuloledwa kotsiriza kumakhala mphindi 30 tisanatseke. Yang'anani pa webusaitiyi ngati pali nthawi yowatsegulira kuti mupewe kukhumudwa.

Kutsekedwa: Januwale 1, May 1st, ndi December 25 pazinthu zina zachipembedzo.

Tikiti:

Kuloledwa ku tchalitchi ndi ufulu, koma matikiti amafunika kuti alowe ku necropolis ndi crypt. Akuluakulu amapereka malipiro okwanira polowera pamene ana a zaka zochepera zaka 18 angathe kulowa momasuka ngati akupita ndi munthu wamkulu. Kulowa kwaulere kumaperekedwanso kwa olumala alendo ndi maulendo awo (funsani patsogolo pamene mukukayendera ulendo), alendo osagwira ntchito, ndi anthu a EU osakwana zaka 26 (ali ndi pasipoti yoyenera ya EU kapena khadi la ID). Kuti mumve zambiri komanso zowonjezereka pamtengo wamakalata ovomerezeka, chonde onani pa webusaitiyi.

Maulendo Otsogolera:

Ulendo woyendetsedwa ulipo kwa anthu kapena magulu. Pofuna kuitanitsa, funsani +33 (0) 1 49 21 14 87. Ulendo woyendetsedwa pagulu umapezekanso m'zinenero zosiyanasiyana (Chilankhulo cha Chifalansa, Chingerezi, Chisipanishi, ndi Chifalansa). Itanani +33 (0) 1 44 54 19 33. Ulendowu umatenga pakati pa ola limodzi ndi ola limodzi ndi theka.

Kufikira:

Tchalitchichi chimapezeka mosavuta kwa alendo olumala, koma chithandizo chapadera chingakhale chosungidwa pasadakhale. Itanani +33 (0) 1 49 21 14 87 kapena +33 (0) 1 48 09 83 54 kuti mudziwe zambiri.

Dinani kupyolera muzithunzi zonse kuti mukhale ndi zithunzi ndi zazikulu kuchokera ku tchalitchi chakale chodabwitsa kwambiri.

02 a 09

Western Rose Mwala ku Cathedral St Denis

M'kati mwa zaka za zana la 12, Abbot Suger anasintha Dagobert kuwonongeka kwa tchalitchi cha m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri kukhala zodabwitsa zokongola. Anali ndi mawindo oonekera bwino a magalasi, denga losakanikirana ndi mtanda, zitoliro zouluka, ndi zitsulo zamkati, pakati pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Momwemonso, ambiri amalingalira kuti ndi imodzi mwa nyumba zomangidwa bwino za Gothic, zonse mwazolemba ndi zomangamanga.

Kuwonetsedwa apa ndiwindo la St. Denis lakumadzulo, monga momwe tawonera kuchokera pakhomo la necropolis. Mawindo awiriwa anali owonjezera m'zaka za m'ma 1800 kuti atenge malo oyambirirawo. Izi zinasokonezeka mwatsoka pa Chigwirizano cha French cha 1789; kutsogolo kunasungunuka ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito zida.

03 a 09

Galasi losungidwa: Kufikira Kuwala

M'zaka zamkati zapitazi, kuwala kunali chizindikiro cha dziko laumulungu, lakumwamba, nthawi zambiri limakhala ngati fanizo kwa Mulungu. Pogwiritsa ntchito tchalitchi chopatulika chokhala ndi mawindo a galasi, abbot Suger ankayembekeza kulimbikitsa olambira kuti alowe kumalo owala, auzimu, kusiya mdima wa dziko lapansi. Ku St. Denis, mndandanda wa mndandanda umapanga pansi, makoma, ndi manda okhala ndi mitundu yomwe imasintha malo komanso khalidwe ngati tsiku likupita. Zimakhala zolimbikitsa kwa alendo komanso ngakhale ojambula, omwe omaliza amatha kupanga mapulogalamu amkati mkati mwa mbali yotentha ya necropolis kuti apende.

04 a 09

Zochitika za Recumbent za Mafumu, Queens, ndi Zambiri

Monga tanenera kale, Saint Denis ndi malo opumula kwa ambuye ambiri achifalansa, mafumu, mafumu, ndi ena a mbadwa zachifumu, omwe amafunikira kwambiri kuposa onsewa. Zithunzi izi ndizosiyana ndi zojambula zosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, m'zaka za zana la 12, ziwerengero zinkawonetsedwa ndi maso awo, pamene Kubadwanso kwatsopano kunadziwika ndi kupanga mafano akuluakulu. Zikhalidwe zimenezi zathandiza kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wachikhristu pakati pa imfa ndi lonjezo la kuuka kwa akufa.

05 ya 09

Tsatanetsatane wa Recumbent Effigies

Ena mwa anthu omwe amapezeka ku St-Denis amachitira chifundo, monga banja lino la ana aamuna, kuphatikizapo mwana wamng'ono yemwe mwachiwonekere anataya moyo wake mofulumira kwambiri. Izi zinali zomvetsa chisoni kuti sizinali zosazolowereka m'moyo wapakati, ngakhale anthu omwe ali olemera koposa onse.

06 ya 09

Manda a Mfumu Dagobert I

King Dagobert Woyamba wa ku France anali ndi ntchito yokonzanso mzinda wa St Denis monga nyumba ya ambuye ya Benedictine ya St. Denis, m'malo mwa tchalitchi chaching'ono chomwe chinatumizidwa ndi St. Geneviève omwe adakhalapo kale.

Manda a Dagobert, omwe ali pamwambapa, ali pa malo omwe mfumu imalumikizira mu 639, pafupi ndi madera a St. Denis.

Mphatso yayikuluyi ikuwonekera kwa alendo adakonzedwanso m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zitatu ndikufotokozera nkhani ya masomphenya a John azimayi: Moyo wa mfumu watengedwera ku Gahena chifukwa cha kuba kwake kwa katundu wa tchalitchi, koma Oyera Denis, Martin, ndi Maurice ziwanda ndi kutenga moyo, kubweretsa Kumwamba. Momwemonso, imalimbikitsa woyera kukhala woyang'anira mafumu a Capetian komanso moyo wawo wauzimu.

07 cha 09

Crypt ya St Denis

Tchalitchi cha St-Denis chiri, mosadabwitsa, chopatulira kwa woyera wa dzina lomwelo, bishopu woyamba wa France amene anakhalapo m'zaka za zana lachitatu. Malinga ndi mbiri ya nthano, adadula mutu mumzinda wa Montmartre (womwe tsopano uli mbali ya Paris koma kenako tawuni yaing'ono kumpoto kwa makoma a mzinda) pamene Aroma ankazunza Akhristu, koma adanyamula mutu wake nanyamula makilomita khumi kumalo ake oikidwa, kumene tchalitchi cha St. Denis tsopano chikuyimira. Zimanenedwa kuti pa ulendo wake wautali mutu wake udapitiriza kulalikira maulaliki. M'zojambulajambula, nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ngati cephalophore - woyera woyera atanyamula mutu wake.

Manda ake ali mu cryptical archaeological of the tchalitchi (chithunzi pamwambapa), pamodzi ndi a Saints Rustique ndi Eleuthère.

The romanesque crypt ndi malo oikidwa m'manda a Louis XVI ndi Marie-Antoinette omwe poyamba anafunsidwa ku Madeleine koma kenako anasamukira ku St. Denis pansi pa Louis XVIII.

08 ya 09

Tomb Details (Kuchokera Chodabwitsa mpaka Chodabwitsa)

Manda ambiri ku St. Denis ali ndi zinthu zosangalatsa zomwe zingasokonezedwe poyamba. Onetsetsani kuti ziwerengero zooneka bwino apa ndi apo, monga akatswiri awiri apakati akale akufotokozera mosamala buku. Manda ena amasonyeza nyama zing'onozing'ono (agalu, akalulu, etc.) atagona pamapazi a mafumu ndi abambo a recumbent.

09 ya 09

Plate Yokumbukira Joan waku Arc

Joan wa Arc anali mmodzi wa alendo ambiri ku St-Denis m'zaka za zana la 15, atayika manja ake paguwa la St. Denis pambuyo povulazidwa. Tsopano akuonedwa kuti ndi mmodzi mwa oyera mtima ovomerezeka a ku France.