Of Irish Legends ndi Lore pa Tsiku la Phwando la Pan-European Saint's
Tsiku la Saint Martin - ndizo chikondwerero cha msilikali wachiroma yemwe adagawana chovala chake ndi munthu wosauka pamsewu. Ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo phwando la Marteni Woyera, lomwe linatchedwanso Martinmas, limatanthauza kuti ndizo nsalu zambiri za tsekwe. Koma kodi mwambo wa Saint Martin wa tsiku ndi tsiku uli bwanji pakati pa mwezi wa November ku Ireland? A Germany, mwachitsanzo, nthawi zonse amazisonkhanitsa Tsiku la Saint Martin ndi ana akuyendera nyali kuzungulira tawuni ...
koma ku Ireland mwambo unali wosiyana Kwambiri pa November 11 (kapena mwinamwake wa 10, pa Eva Woyera wa Martin), kupha mwambo kunachitika ndipo nsembe ya mwazi inapangidwa, moyamikira osati munthu. Ndipo makamaka pazifukwa zomveka, komabe zili ndi ziphunzitso za Chikunja. Ngakhale kuti mwambo umenewu suli wochuluka kwambiri masiku ano, tiyeni tione Martinmas ku Ireland ...
Martin Woyera - Mbiri Yakale
Tsiku la Saint Martin, lodziwikanso monga phwando la Saint Martin, Martlemass kapena Martinmas, likuchitidwa kukumbukira Martin wa Tours, ku France nayenso amatchedwa Martin le Miséricordieux, mwamuna wamtima wake. Ili ndi mwambo wautali, waku Ulaya ku phwando ndi chakudya, nthawi yomwe ulimi wamakono udatha wonse. Chakumapeto kwa 11 November, tirigu wa autumn ukanamera, katundu amatengedwa, ndipo ziweto zimayesedwa. Imeneyi inali nthawi yomwe masiku afika kale mdima - monga mwana wamwamuna wachikulire wa Mkazi wa Usher's Well akutiuza ife momwe izo zimatchulira "Martinmas, pamene usiku unali utali wautali ndi wamdima".
Martin wa Tours pachiyambi anali msilikali wachiroma, wobadwa mu zomwe ife tikudziwa tsopano monga Hungary mu theka loyamba la zaka za zana lachinayi. Ngakhale kuti anali ndi chidwi ndi chikhristu ngakhale ali mwana, iye anali atangobatizidwa ali wamkulu ndipo kenako anasankha moyo wa nthiti ndi mchere. Wodziwika kuti anali munthu wokoma mtima wotsogolera moyo wosalira zambiri, anali pafupi 371 amavomereza kuti ndi Bishop wa Tours .
Anamwalira mu 397.
Nthano imodzi pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa za Marteni Woyera ali kudula chovala chake pakati pa usiku wozizira usiku, kugaŵana ndi wopemphapempha. Chifukwa cha khalidwe lachidziwitso limeneli adadziwika kuti ndi woyera mtima ndi Yesu mwini, monga nthano zikunena - ndi ena akutsindika kuti Yesu anali wopemphapempha, atapachikidwa pamdima wakuda kufunafuna amuna oyera. Zithunzi zambiri za Saint Martin (zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zochitika zapachikhalidwe m'madera achikatolika a ku Ulaya) zimamuwonetsa iye pochita kudula ndi kugawana chovalacho. Nthano ina imagwirizanitsa Martin ndi atsekwe - chifukwa pamene adayenera kukhala bishopu, adabisala pakhomo pang'onopang'ono ... mwatsoka amasautsa atsekwe, omwe nthawi yomweyo ndikumveka mokweza kuti alipo. Panalibe kuchoka kuitana kwake kwaumulungu.
Martin Woyera monga Patron ndi Kalenda Marker
Masiku ano, Marteni Woyera amakumbukiridwa makamaka chifukwa cha chikondi chake (mwachitsanzo chovala), komanso ubwenzi wake kwa anthu ena, makamaka ana. Iye wakhala woyera wothandizira waumphawi ndi zakumwa zauchidakwa (maulendo onse awiri omwe amawoneka ngati othandiza pa njira yopita kuchipatala), okwera pamahatchi ndi equestrians (chifukwa cha ntchito yake tsiku), mahatchi ambiri, atsekwe, ogonera alendo ndi opanga vinyo. Iye amadziwikanso kuti ndi woyera mtima wa France ndi Pontifical Swiss Guards
Phwando la Martinmas linakondwerera koyamba ku France, ndipo lidafalitsidwa makamaka kum'maŵa kupyolera mu Germany ndi Scandinavia, kenaka ku Eastern Europe. Iye amawoneka ngati woyera wa pan-European ndi "mlatho" pakati pakummawa ndi kumadzulo.
Pokhala kalendala, Tsiku la Saint Martin limatchula mapeto a chaka cha agrarian ndi kotsiriza kotsiriza kwa chaka. Nthawi zovuta zinayamba ... ndipo mu Middle Ages nthawi ya kusala inayamba pa November 12th, yomwe idakhalira masiku makumi anayi ndikudziwika kuti "Quadragesima Sancti Martini". Anthu adya ndi kumwa nthawi yomaliza pasanapite nthawi.
Izi zinkakonzedwa ndi ulimi wokonzekera nyengo yozizira - nyama zambiri zinkayankhidwa kuti zikhale ndi mwayi wopulumuka komanso zothandiza m'tsogolomu, omwe sanagwiritse ntchito kalasiyo anaphedwa ndipo nyamayo idasungidwa. Kotero chakudya chinali kupezeka mochuluka kuzungulira nthawi ino - mofanana ndi Celtic Samhain .
Goose inalinso yodzala bwino, yomwe imatsogolera kuphedwa kochuluka kwa mitunduyo ndi mapiko a Saint Martin mu uvuni.
Mu kalendala ya (medieval) yachuma, Tsiku la Saint Martin linalemba mapeto a autumn. Akazi anayamba kugwira ntchito mnyumbamo ndipo amuna adachoka kuthengo. Imeneyinso inali nthawi yomwe mipata yatsopano ya ntchito zaulimi komanso yotsekedwa inatsekedwa.
Kawirikawiri masiku angapo dzuwa litangotha chisanu choyamba chimatchedwa "Saint Martin Summer".
Tsiku la Saint Martin ku Ireland
Palibe kugwirizana pakati pa Ireland ndi Hungary-French woyera, koma mudzi ndi parishmartin woyandikana nawo wa Desertmartin ku County Derry amatchula dzina lake mwachindunji kuchokera kwa iye. Saint Columba (kapena Colmcille) akuti adayendera derali m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi ndipo adayambitsa mpingo patsogolo. Ichi chinali cholinga chachikulu ngati kubwerera kwawo komanso kutchulidwa kulemekeza Woyera wa Martin, ndikukamba pa mwambo wa woyera kukhala wolumikiza. Wachi Irish "Díseart Mhartain" kwenikweni amatanthawuza kuti "Martin's Retreat", "chipululu" cha dzina lamakono ndi Baibulo lachidziwitso.
M'masiku akale, zikondwerero zachi Irish zinayamba madzulo a tsiku la Saint Martin, ndikukamba za chikhalidwe cha chi Celt kuti tsiku lidayamba dzuŵa ( yerekezerani ndi Halloween, ngati mukufuna ). Ndipo mwambo wawukulu wa Eva Woyera wa Martin adawonetsa miyambo yachikunja - nsembe ya cockerel kapena tsekwe, yomwe inaloledwa kutuluka. Nyama pachiyambi mwina amathyoledwa mutu ndiyeno amanyamulidwa kuzungulira nyumba, magazi amatulukira ndikuphimba "makona anayi" a nyumbayo. M'masiku amtsogolo, magazi adasonkhanitsidwa m'mbale ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kuyeretsa nyumbayi. Pambuyo pake ... nthawi ya uvuni!
Pali chikhulupiliro chofala ku Ireland kuti palibe magudumu omwe ayenera kutembenuka tsiku la Saint Martin, chifukwa (choncho nkhaniyo imapita) Marteni anaphedwa pamene anaponyedwa mumtsinje ndikuphedwa ndi mphero. Monga kukopera monga nkhani imeneyo mwina ... Marteni Woyera sanali wofera ndipo oyera oyambirira anali mmodzi mwa anthu owerengeka kuti afe ndi ukalamba.
A County Wexford nthano imanena kuti nsomba zodyera zinali tsiku limodzi la Saint Martin, pamene woyera yekhayo anali kuyang'ana akuyenda pa mafunde kupita ku ngalawa. Iye adawauza kuti apite kuchitima mofulumira momwe angathere, ngakhale nyengo yabwino ndi nsomba. Asodzi onse omwe ananyalanyaza chenjezo la woyera mtima adamira mvula yamkuntho. Mwachizoloŵezi, asodzi a Wexford sadzapita kunyanja pa Tsiku la Saint Martin.