Cross Cross, Scripture Cross, Celtic Cross - Kusiyana pa Mutu
Miphambano Yambiri ya Ireland - iwo ali paliponse zikuwoneka. Komabe iwo ndiwonso amachititsa chisokonezo chachikulu. Kapena, ochuluka alendo ndi opikira pa zinthu zonse Irish angakuuzeni kuti: "Ukadawona mitanda yonseyo, mukudziwa, A Celtic ... High Crosses ... m'manda onse!"
Eya, takhala tikuonapo kale chisokonezo. Miphambano yachikumbutso ya ku Ireland, mitanda ya Celtic ndi High Crosses amawoneka ngati ofanana - omwe sali.
Cross Cross kwenikweni, ngati "kawirikawiri" monga nsanja (nthawi zambiri pafupi) mumaso ambiri, ikhoza kufotokozedwa bwino - zomwe sizilepheretsa mazana a mitanda ina kulembedwa motere.
A Celtic Cross - Choyambirira Cha Chi Irish?
Pamene wina akunena mtanda wa Celtic, izi zimangowonjezera chithunzi cha mtanda wachilatini (wamba) ndi tsinde ndi mikono zowonjezera. Mtundu wapadera wa chizindikiro chachikulu chachikhristu ukhoza kukhala wochokera ku Ireland, ngakhale kuti umadziwikiranso ku Cornwall, Wales, Northern England ndi mbali zina za Scotland - malo onse akukumana ndi Ireland pa zomwe zimatchedwa "Mibadwo Yamdima". Kotero mwinamwake mtanda uwu, womwe tsopano ukuwoneka ngati chinachake cha chizindikiro cha Pan-Celtic, unabwera ndi amishonare a Ireland?
Zirizonse zomwe mbiri yakale imayambira - chiyambi cha mbiri ya kalembedwe ka mtanda uyu sichidziwika bwino. Pokhapokha mutagwirizana ndi (mwachangu) lingaliro lodziwika kuti atsogoleri ena a ku Ireland mwadala mwasankha "chizindikiro" ndipo adapanga mtanda wa Celtic.
Momwe mpheteyo inakhalira gawo la mtanda sichidziwika bwinobwino. Ndipo otsegulidwa kuti atanthauzire - akatswiri ena anapita mpaka kutsimikizira kuti mpheteyo ikuimira halo, ndipo motero Khristu mwiniwake, akuchotsa zovuta zonse zokhudza kujambula mwana wa Mulungu pamtanda. Maganizo amenewa ndi apabanja apamtima kwa omwe amasonyeza kuti bwalolo liyenera kutanthauziridwa ngati diski, loyimira sol invictus , mulungu wa dzuwa.
Ndipo kuti izi ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi ...
Pandekha ndimagwirizana ndi lumo la Occam ndi lingaliro la anthu oyenda pansi kwambiri, lomwe ndilo kuti mpheteyo inayambitsidwa ndi masons. Osati Freemasons, ndikuganizirani, kotero mukhoza kubwezeretsanso "Da Vinci Code". Nope, miyala yamabwinja, akatswiri amisiri okha omwe akufuna kuwonjezera pang'ono kukhazikika kwa zomangamanga. Mzerewo umakhala ngati stabilizer yowonjezera pa mtanda. Chimene chikanatanthauza kuti palibe chophiphiritso chobisika kuno konse.
Koma mtanda wa a Celtic wapeza zisonyezo zatsopano m'zaka zaposachedwa - azungu akuluakulu apamwamba apanga mtanda ngati njira yotsutsana ndi swastika!
Nchifukwa chiyani Miphambano Yapamwamba inamangidwa?
Pa chifukwa chimodzi chokha - kusindikiza malo opatulika ndi kulengeza kutsata zikhulupiriro zachikristu. Kwenikweni chizindikiro choti "Pano pali Akhristu!", Komanso "Ichi ndi malo opatulika, sungani mtendere!"
Kupatula izi misala ija inali yofunika kwambiri pa zikondwerero - chifukwa chosowa wina anganene. Mndandanda wa makonzedwe oyambirira a midzi yoyambirira ya amonke ndi kuphatikizapo tchalitchi, mtanda ndi (ngati ndalama zololedwa) nsanja yozungulira - khomo lachiwiri likulowera kumalo oyamba, ndi mtanda pakati. Ndipo nthawi zambiri tchalitchichi chinali chochepa kwambiri ngakhale kwa mpingo wodzichepetsa.
Izi zikutanthawuza kuti misa yamatabwa idayenera kupita ku masisit fresco . Anasonkhana kuzungulira mtanda.
Koma osati Miphambano yonse yapamwamba inali ya mpingo - ena amawoneka kuti adagwirizanitsidwa ndi ufulu wadera, polemba malo amsika. Ena adakhazikitsidwa kuti azikumbukira chochitika chofunika kapena munthu.
Ntchito yokhayo yokhayo yapamwamba yopambana inali yosaoneka ngati ... ngati chizindikiro chenichenicho. Koma lingaliro lingakhale lokha chifukwa cha kusowa kwa umboni.
Kusinthika Kwambiri kwa Miphambano Yaikuru
Palibe wolemba mbiri angatiuze kumene, pamene kapena chifukwa choyamba Miphambano Yapamwamba. Nthawi. Koma zikuganiziridwa kuti mitanda yoyamba yamwala inali "makope" a mitanda yamatabwa yokhala ndi zitsulo. Zambiri (zofunikira) zida za misala yam'mbuyomoyo zinali zowonjezeredwa mu miyala.
Miphambano ina ya mtundu uwu ndi yochokera mu zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, monga mtanda kumpoto ku Ahenny, womwe uli ndi mapangidwe ojambula. Chofunika kwambiri chinali mawonekedwe enieni a mtanda wokha. Osati kwenikweni ngati chifaniziro cha chida cha kuphedwa koma monga chithunzi cha oyambirira chi rho monogram.
Mipata ina inakhala yophiphiritsa - mtanda wakumwera ku Clonmacnoise ndi mtanda wa Oyera Patrick ndi Columba ku Kells . Izi zinadziwika kuti "mitanda yambiri".
Miphambano ya Lemba - Maulaliro Mumwala
Kusintha kumeneku kunapangitsa kuti "malemba a pamtanda", omwe ali ndi zolemba zenizeni zochokera m'Baibulo. Zokongoletsera zochepa za Celtic, zochitika zambiri zozizwitsa. Mitanda iyi iyenera kuonedwa ngati Cross Crosses yoyenera.
Lero tikhoza kuona zonyamulira makumi atatu izi, zonse zopangidwa m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi zoyambirira. Wodziwika bwino mwinamwake kukhala "Mtanda wa Malemba" ku Clonmacnoise. Kusankhidwa kwa mituyi kunkaimira mwachizoloŵezi - kuphatikizapo nthawi yambiri yosakanikirana. Moyo ku nyumba ya amonke unatchulidwa, koma malemba anali "chochitika chachikulu". Ojambula (kapena awo a paymasters) ankakonda zojambula kuchokera ku kugwa kwa Adamu ndi Eva ndi fratricide ya Kayini, Mgonero Womaliza ndi Kuuka kwa Akufa. Zithunzi zina ndi zowonjezera, monga magulu ankhondo komanso ngakhale nyama zonyansa (ngamila mu Drumcliff kukhala chitsanzo chabwino). Ndipo pali ngakhale nthabwala zazing'ono pamtanda wina ...
Amonke amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mafanizowa kuti apange ziphunzitso zawo zowonjezera kwa omvera - chithunzi chofunika kwambiri kuposa mawu chikwi. "Maulaliki ojambula pamwala" ndi njira imodzi yomwe mitanda iyi yanenedwa.
Mitanda yopangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1100 mpaka zaka za m'ma 1200 ikuwonetsa kuchepa - zokongoletsera zimabwereranso, nthawi ino ndi mphamvu yakusiyana ya ku Scandinavia, chifukwa iyi inali nthawi ya Vikings ku Ireland . Kupachikidwa mu tsatanetsatane waumphawi kumakhala chithunzi chachikulu, mkhalidwe umakhala wakuda. Monga ngati mapeto anali pafupi ...
Chimene chinali kwenikweni - ndi nkhondo ya Anglo-Norman ndi mphamvu yakukula ya maulamuliro a ku Ulaya monga a Cistercians ngati Mellifont the High Crosses amangowonongeka, anasiya koma alibe zatsopano.
Momwe Msewu Wapamwamba Unapangidwira
Mtanda Wachimwambamwamba unamangidwa mu zitatu, nthawi zina zigawo zinai - gawo loyambira likhale lalikulu, logwirizana kapena pyramidal. Mmenemo mthunzi wa mtanda woyenera unagwedezeka. Kuvekedwa ndi mutu wa mtanda (gawo ndi mikono ndi mphete) - nthawi zambiri mumthunzi ndi mutu zikupanga chimodzi. Gulu lonseli ndiloponyedwa ndi mwala wapamutu, ambiri mwa iwo omwe atayika lero.
Njira yeniyeni yopangidwira ikuwoneka kuti yapangidwa m'njira zosiyana, mtanda ukuleredwa mu situ zisanathe zojambula bwino. Mtanda wosadulidwa pa Kells umasonyeza chiphunzitso ichi - malo omwe tsatanetsatane wabwino adzawonjezerabe akadali ofanana. Izi zimapangitsanso nzeru zambiri ... ganizirani kukweza mtanda wopangidwa, wopangidwa ndi finely wovundukuka, ndikudumphadumpha chifukwa chakudumpha.
Mbali imodzi yodziwika ndi yapamwamba ya Cross Cross iyeneranso kutchula - mitanda ija siinali yokongoletsedwa panthawi yomwe idakhala yatsopano, iyenso inali yojambula m'mitundu yambiri. Zovuta kulingalira lero, koma ndithudi chidwi-nthawi mu nthawi zamakedzana. Irish National Heritage Park pafupi ndi Wexford yasintha izi ... ndipo mtanda wachikuda nthawi zambiri umalonjetsedwa ndi kukayikira ndi alendo.
High Cross Today
Mdani woipa kwambiri wa Irish High Crosses sanali adani a Vikings kapena Puritan zealots - koma chabe nyengo ya Ireland . Mitanda yambiri inapangidwa kuchokera ku mchenga. Kuphweka kugwira ntchito, ndi kuthekera kukwaniritsa tsatanetsatane wodabwitsa. Koma osati zinthu zopulumuka zaka za mvula ndi mphepo. Ndipo ngati mtanda unagwedezeka chifukwa cha nthaka yoperekera ... zochitika zonse zinali zojambula bwino kwambiri.
Pamene zoopsa izi zidakalipobe (ndipo kuipitsa kumatenga nthawi zina), mitanda ina iyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kubwezeretsedwa. Chovomerezeka kwa onse koma purist - koma ngakhale alendo ayenera kutsimikizira ngati iye anajambula kwenikweni choyambirira!
Zoipitsitsa ndizopangidwa bwino koma nthawi zambiri zowonongeka. Kukwapula pa simenti wandiweyani mwinamwake kumasokonekera ku zojambula zabwino. Ndipo kuphatikiza mbali kuchokera pamtanda wosiyana mofanananso kumakhutitsa. Kuyesera kwina kuteteza mitanda kumatanthawuza bwino koma mwinamwake kuyembekezera - mtanda mu Kells umatetezedwa ku mvula ndi denga laling'ono, koma mtsinje wopanda malire wa magudumu 18 ukuthamanga ndi masitepe pang'ono.
Kodi ndi Cross Cross kapena ...?
Ngakhale mabuku ofotokoza kwambiri ku Ireland amatha kutchula zikumbukiro zamakono zamakono, zojambula m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ku Ireland, monga "Cross Crosses". Mzinda uliwonse wa ku Ireland kapena manda uli ndi imodzi mwa izi. Mtsinje wautali wokongola ndi chitsanzo cha Celtic - mtanda waukulu, koma palibe Mphambano Wokwanira.
Mafanizowa ndi osiyana kwambiri ndipo mitambo yamakono ndi zizindikiro kwa anthu, osati m'malo opatulika ... kapena ngakhale zipangizo zamaphunziro.
Zikumbutso zamakono zoika malo apadera ndi / kapena zochitika nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku High Crosses, zonse ndi kukula kwake. Ambiri ali ndi zojambulajambula kapena zojambulajambula, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa chisakanizo cha ma Celtic ndi Scandinavia komanso kuphatikizapo kuthandizira chikondi cha "Irish". Zambiri mwa zipilala zimenezi zimawonekera mosavuta ngakhale kuti zina zimayenda ngati mapepala apamwamba m'mabuku ena - makamaka ngati aikidwa pamalo amodzi kuti awonongeke.
Mwachidule - chilichonse chocheperapo zaka 800 sichiyenera kuonedwa ngati Mphinjika weniweni.