Zisanu ndi Zitatu Ziyenera Kuyenera Kuona Zakachisi ku Bagan, Myanmar

01 a 07

Zisanu ndi Zisanu mwa Zaka zikwi Zikwi Zomwe Ziyenera Kukacheza ku Bagan

Ndili ndi masauzande ambirimbiri ndi malipiro oti mudzachezere, palibe njira imodzi yokha yoperekera mndandanda wa ma kachisi a Bagan . Zachisi zomwe zili mndandandawu zikudziwika kuti ndizo zazikulu kwambiri, zozizwitsa kwambiri, komanso zotchuka kwambiri, ndipo ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi njira iliyonse yopangira kachisi wa Bagan kuposa tsiku.

Pakhomo la kachisi wa theka lamasana, mtsogoleri wanga Aung Kyaw Moe akunena kuti mumakhala ndi zipilala ziwiri: "Kwa ulendo wa theka, mumapita kukachisi wa Shwezigon ndi Ananda," akutero Aung. "Ngati mwakhala kale kumalo awiriwa, ndibwino." Kwa maulendo ataliatali, konzani mazenera anu a pakachisi kuzungulira malo omwe tawunikira pano.

Mau ochepa chabe: Malingaliro awiri a ma temples (Htilominlo ndi Shwesandaw), oyang'anira m'deralo adzawona ngati muli ndi chiphaso choyenera cha kachisi wa Bagan; Macheke osayenerera angaperekedwe kwinakwake. Ndipo ngati mukukonzekera kuona asanu ndi limodzi tsiku limodzi, sankhani njira ya Bagan yomwe imakufikitsani mofulumira kwambiri (galimoto ndi dalaivala, inde; moto, hell).

Kuti mupeze chilankhulo chobisika ku ma kachisi a ku Myanmar, werengani tsamba lathu lachinyama. Kuti muyende ulendo wina wa pakachisi, yang'anani mndandanda wa akachisi a Bagan okhala ndi dzuwa .

02 a 07

Nyumba ya Shwezigon: The Stupa yomwe inayambitsa Zonse

Shwezigon ndi ofanana ndi Shwedagon ku Yangon kum'mwera sizodziwika. Pambuyo pa Shwezigon itatha kumaliza mu 1086 AD, kuyanjana ndi kukongola kwa kachisi kunakhala chitsanzo kwa akachisi ena ambiri omangidwa mu ufumu wonsewo. Shwedagon - malo okwera kumapeto kwa zaka mazana anayi pambuyo pake - akhoza kukhala oposa kudzoza kwake mu kukula ndi kukongola, koma zimbalangondo zake zowonongeka sizinayambe.

Polamulidwa ndi mfumu ya Anawrahta yomwe inakhazikitsidwa kwambiri ndipo adamaliza kumutsatira Kyansittha, mapangidwe a Shwezigon amasonyeza mphamvu ya mibadwo yonse. Mofanana ndi Shwedagon kumwera, Shwezigon ndi malo opatulika omwe mafumu amakhoza kupempherera, kapena kuyamika chifukwa, kupambana: kumbali yakumadzulo chakumadzulo kwasungidwa mapemphero oterowo.

Dzina la kachisi limasonyeza cholinga ichi: " S ts imatanthawuza golidi, zigo zimatanthauza kupambana," mtsogoleri wanga Aung anafotokoza. "Ngati mfumu ili ndi nkhani yofunika, iwo anaima pamenepo kuti apemphere zomwe akufuna kuchita - zikhumbo zawo zidzakwaniritsidwa."

Pansi pa mpweya waukulu wa golide wokwana mamita 160, mudzapeza mndandanda wa maulendo ena omwe amatumikira sacramental ndi maphunziro. Nyumbayi ikuwonetsa ma dioramas akumana koyamba kwa Buddha ndi Zochitika Zinayi; ina imakhala ndi mbale zowonjezera zomwe zimapangidwa mu mphete, kumene mungayese kuwombera ndalama mu mbale.

Shwezigon ndilo likulu la kupembedza ( nat ); Nyumba yomwe ili pafupi ndi nyumbayi imakhala ndi zithunzi zoimira anthu 37 a ku Myanmar omwe amadziwika bwino, omwe amwenye amatha kupemphera kwa abwana awo kuti atetezedwe kapena kupembedzera

03 a 07

Nyumba ya Htilominlo: Pitani ku Umbrella

Mfumu Htilominlo (analamulira 1211 mpaka 1235AD), wamng'ono kwambiri mwa ana asanu aamuna aamuna aamuna a Mfumu Sithu II, adagonjetsa ufumu wake chifukwa chokhulupirira miyambo, kumene ambulera ya Mfumu inayamba kulowera. Dzina la Mfumu ndi Kachisi limasonyeza chochitikacho - "hti" (ambulera), "min" (mfumu), ndi "lo" (chikhumbo chodabwitsa) zimagwirizanitsa pamodzi zimatanthauza kuti ambulera inasankha kalonga kukhala mfumu yotsatira.

Kachisi sikulu kwambiri ku Bagan, koma ndithudi ndi yofunika kwambiri. Mphepete mwace imayenda mamita 150 m'dera la Bagan, pomwe mbali zonse zinayi zikuyang'anizana ndi makinala omwe amayenda pafupifupi mamita 140. Kachisi kamene kali pafupi ndi kachisi wa Htilominlo amakhala ndi msika wogulitsira malonda, zovala ndi zochitika zogwirizanitsa, kupereka bwalo la kachisi mlengalenga ngati mlengalenga.

Njerwa zofiira zimapanga zipinda zonse komanso makoma a kachisi: njerwa zambiri zimawululidwa, kuvumbulutsa njira yowongoka ndi njerwa yomwe ili ndi matope pang'ono pakati. Nyumba zamkati za pakachisi zimasonyeza zithunzi zinayi za Buddha zomwe zimaonekera m'makalata onse. Zinyumba zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mipando yomwe ili pafupi ndi mafashoni omwe amasonyeza moyo wa Buddha ndi nthawi zake.

Dziwani zambiri zokhudza Mfumu ndi dzina lake dzina lake kachisi mu nkhani iyi ya Htilominlo Temple .

04 a 07

Nyumba ya Ananda: Nyumba imodzi yokongola

Kachisi wa Ananda ndi tchalitchi chachikulu-chofanana ndi chiwerengero chochepa komanso chokwanira mu Bagan.

King Kyansittha - mwana wa Anawrahta ndi wothandizira kumapeto kwa Shwezigon - adalamula zomanga nyumba ya Ananda, yomwe inamalizidwa ndi 1105AD. Kukwanira ndi ungwiro wa mawonekedwe a Ananda kunayambitsa nkhani zochepa zamdima.

Choyamba, Ananda adanenedwa kuti anali ndi amisiri a Ananda omwe anamanga nyumbayo atamaliza kumanga kachisi, kuti asakhale ndi kachisi wina wangwiro omwe angatsatire Ananda. Chachiwiri, Kyansittha ankafuna kuti adziike m'manda m'chipinda cham'mwamba cha Ananda, koma atangokhalira kumudandaulira ndi mtsogoleri wake wamkulu Shin Arahan.

"Ngati mukufuna kumanga kachisi ngati malo opatulika, musamadzimangirire nokha!" Bambo Aung akuganiza Shin Arahan akulangiza mfumu yake. "Ngati utero, sudzakhala kachisi, udzakhala manda."

Pulani pansi ya Ananda ikufanana ndi mtanda wa Chigriki, ndi maulendo omwe amafikira njira zinayi zamakono, kuchokera ku holo yomwe imakhala ndi imodzi mwa Mabuddha anayi, atayima pafupi mamita asanu ndi anayi ndipo amapangidwa kuchokera ku nkhuni zokongoletsedwa. Nyumbayi imagwirizanitsidwa ndi njira ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: nyumba yamkati yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi banja lachifumu, ndi kunja kwagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa amonke ndi anthu ena odzipereka.

Ngakhale kuti mwala wamtengo wapatali ndi njerwa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi Ananda Temple, zimangokhala bwino komanso zowonongeka bwino: zowonongeka kumalo olowera kunja zimalola mphepo ndi kuwala kuti ziziyenda mumzinda wa Ananda. Chigumula cha alendo otentha omwe amapita kudutsa m'misewu.

05 a 07

Nyumba ya Dhammayangyi: Bad Karma

Kachisi wamkulu kwambiri wa Bagan anamangidwa ndi wolamulira wankhanza wa Narathu, yemwe adakhala pampando wachifumu mwa kupha bambo ake Alaungsithu, ndipo kenako anadzipha yekha. Panthawi ya ulamuliro wake wochepa pakati pa 1167 ndi 1171AD, Narathu anayesa kuchotsa Karma pomanga kachisi wamtali kwambiri ku Bagan.

Dhammayangyi ndipadera piramiidal mawonekedwe, kachisi wokha wotere mu Myanmar yense; brickwork imasonyeza miyezo yapamwamba yomwe Narathu anapereka kwa akatswiri omwe analerera.

"Narathu ankafuna kuti Dhammayangyi akhale wapamwamba kuposa kachisi wapamwamba kwambiri, kuposa mbambande [Nyumba ya Ananda]," Aung anafotokoza. "Ndicho chifukwa chake analamula omanga kuti aike njerwa zawo pafupi kwambiri. Woyang'anitsitsa amayang'ana ndi singano - ngati n'kotheka kuyika ndi singano, amatha kuphedwa."

Kuthetsa magazi koteroko kunabweretsa ulamuliro wake wonse, zaka zinayi chabe mu ulamuliro wake. Atafa ndi mfumukazi yake ya Sri Lanka, Narathu mwiniwakeyo anaphedwa ndi apongozi ake omwe anatumidwa kwambiri. Pamene iye anafa, Dhammayangyi anali wosakwanira - ndipo akanakhalabe choncho kuyambira nthawi imeneyo.

"Palibe chokongoletsera chapadera mkati mwa Dhammayangyi; makoswe ambiri, fungo mkatimo ndilopweteka kwambiri," Bambo Aung anandiuza. "Ngakhale anthu am'deralo sakufuna kuwoloka dzuŵa litalowa - iwo amaganiza kuti kachisiyo wasokonezeka.

06 cha 07

Nyumba ya Manuha: Nyumba ya Chisoni

Amatchulidwa pambuyo pa mfumu ya mfumu yomwe inamanga, Manuha ali ndi mafano akuluakulu a Buddha, atatu kutsogolo ndipo wina akutsalira kumbuyo kwake. Zapadera pakati pa akachisi a Bagan, Manuha anamangidwa ndi mfumu yomwe inagonjetsedwa.

King Manuha, yemwe Ufumu wa Thaton kum'mwera kwa Bagan unagonjetsedwa ndi mfumu yaikulu Anawrahta m'zaka za zana la 11, anakhala m'ndende zaka zapitazo ku Bagan. Anagulitsa ndalama zosungiramo ndalama zowonetsera kachisi yemwe tsopano akutchedwa: kachisi wamkati, wokhala ndi zipinda zinayi zomwe zili ndi zithunzi zitatu zokhala ndi Buddha zomwe zikuyang'anizana ndikummawa, ndipo chithunzi chimodzi cha Buddha chimayang'ana kumadzulo ndi mutu ukuyang'ana kumpoto.

Zithunzi zitatu zakummawa zomwe zimayang'ana Buda zimakhala pang'onopang'ono ndi zitsulo zopanda pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi mitu ya zithunzi (Buddha wapakati akukwera mamita makumi asanu, pamene mabuddha amkati akuyima mamita 33). Anthu ammudzi amakhulupirira kuti Mabuddha amamangidwa kuti amvetsetse mtima wa Mfumu Manuha: wokhala mmodzi Buddha ali ndi "maso ndi milomo yosasangalala", monga momwe wotsogolera wanga akufotokozera, ndipo wina amakhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu chomwe chimasonyeza kuti mkwiyo wa Manuha uli mkati mwake.

Chithunzi cha Buddha chotalika mamita 90 kumbuyo chimasonyeza Buddha pa bedi lake lakufa, chithandizo chosinkhasinkha za kukhalako, Aung anafotokoza - "Ngakhale Buddha, anayenera kufa tsiku limodzi," adandiuza . "Palibe zokoma zapadera - ngati pali kubadwa, padzakhala imfa.Ngati tachita zabwino zokwanira, ndipo ngati tachita kale kusinkhasinkha kolondola, sitidzaopa imfa.

07 a 07

Shwesandaw: Sunset Stupa

Shwesandaw ndi nyumba zisanu zokha zomwe alendo amaloledwa kukwera (ena ndi Thitsa Wadi, South ndi North Guni, ndi Pyathatgyi), koma malingaliro ochokera kumadera asanu asanu ndi awiri omwe ali abwino kwambiri omwe mumapeza pafupi ndi Bagan.

Masitepe otsika amachokera kumunsi mpaka kumapiri apamwamba; wogulitsa zitsulo amapereka zowonjezereka kwa okwerera ndi zocheperapo zowona. Kuchokera kumunsi mpaka kumtunda, Shwesandaw amakhala mamita 328; pamtunda wamtunda pakati pa mamita 200 mpaka mamitala, anthu oyenda mumtsinje akuyenda mumtsinje wa Ayeyarwady patali, pamodzi ndi nyumba ya Atbyinnyu yomwe ili pafupi ndi nyumba zawo. ) komanso Bagan Archaeological Museum.

Chivomezi cha 1975 chomwe chinawononga Bagan chinachokera ku Shwesandaw: Chimene iwe ukuchiwona pamwamba pake ndi chofanana ndi china chimene chinagwedezeka panthawi ya kutentha kwapachilengedwe (choyambirira chikukhala bwinobwino mu Archaeological Museum). Kachisi akusowa mazana a zolembera zadongo zomwe zimanyamula zithunzi kuchokera ku Jataka Tales.

Shwesandaw imatsegulidwa chaka chonse, koma chifukwa cha mawonedwe abwino kwambiri, pita pa nthawi yachisanu ya Bagan pakati pa November ndi February, pamene mlengalenga ndiwonekera bwino ndipo kuonekera kuli bwino kwambiri. Muyeneranso kupanga nthawi yanu yoyendera limodzi ndi dzuwa kapena dzuwa litalowa, pamene dzuŵa limapanga malo a njerwa a ma temples pafupi ndikuwomba lalanje lolemera.