The Denkmal für deathermermeten Juden Europas (Chikumbutso kwa Ayuda Ophedwa a ku Ulaya) ndi chimodzi mwa zipilala zotsutsa kwambiri komanso zopikisana za kuphedwa kwa chipani cha Nazi . Pakatikati mwa Berlin pakati pa Potsdamer Platz ndi Brandenburg Gate , malo otchukawa akukhala maekala 4.7. Gawo lirilonse la chitukuko chake lakhala likukangana - si zachilendo ku Berlin - komabe ndizofunikira kwambiri paulendo wa Berlin.
Wojambula Mapulani a Chikumbutso cha Holocaust ku Berlin
Katswiri wa zomangamanga wa ku America, Peter Eisenmann, adagonjetsa polojekitiyi mu 1997 pambuyo pa mpikisano wotsutsana ndi zomwe zinali zofunikira kwambiri pa chikumbukiro chofunika kwambiri. Eisenmann wanena kuti:
Kukula kwakukulu ndi kuchuluka kwa mantha a Holocaust ndikuti kuyesa kuliyimira mwa njira zachikhalidwe sikungakwanitse ... Chikumbutso chathu chimafuna kufotokoza lingaliro latsopano la kukumbukira monga losiyana ndi chikhulupiliro ... Titha kudziwa kokha zapitazo lero kupyolera mu mawonetseredwe apano.
Chilengedwe cha Chikumbutso cha Holocaust ku Berlin
Chikumbutso chachikulu cha chikumbutso cha Holocaust ndi "Field of Stelae", munda weniweni wazitsulo zokongola 2,711 zowonongeka. Mutha kulowa nthawi iliyonse ndikuyenda kudera lopanda malo, nthawi zina kutaya malo a anzanu komanso Berlin. Mitu yodalirika, yosiyana kukula kwake, imapangitsa kumverera kosokoneza komwe mungathe kukumana nazo mukamapyola m'nkhalango yakuda ya konkire.
Zopangidwezo zimatanthawuza kumverera kosalongosoka kwa kudzipatula ndi kutayika - kukonzekera chikumbutso cha Holocaust.
Pakati pa zosankha zotsutsana kwambiri panali kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito malaya osagwira ntchito. Eisenman anali kutsutsa izo, koma panali kudandaula koyenera kuti a Nao azidzawumbutsa chikumbutso. Komabe, apo si pamene nkhaniyo imatha.
Kampani ya Degussa yomwe inayambitsa kupanga chophimbayi inagwirizana ndi kuzunzidwa kwa a National-Socialist kwa Ayuda ndipo - poyipabe - komabe anzawo, Degesch, anapanga Zyklon B (mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzipinda zamagetsi).
Kuchita pa Chikumbutso cha Holocaust ku Berlin
Posachedwapa, pakhala pali mayankho ambiri ozungulira chikumbutso - nthawi ino yokhudza khalidwe la alendo. Awa ndi malo a chikumbutso ndipo pamene anthu akulimbikitsidwa kuti afufuze malo onse a siteti, kuyima pa miyalayi, kuthamanga kapena kugawidwa kwakukulu kumakhumudwitsidwa ndi alonda. Pakhala pali pulojekiti yotsatiridwa ndi a Sahak Shahak Shapira wotchedwa Yolocaust omwe amanyansidwa ndi alendo osalemekeza.
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Holocaust Memorial ku Berlin
Poyankha madandaulo kuti chikumbutsocho sichinali chokwanira ndipo chiyenera kufotokozera nkhani za Ayuda mamiliyoni asanu ndi limodzi (6 million) omwe adakhudzidwa, malo osungirako zowonjezera adawonjezedwa pansi pa chikumbutso. Pezani khomo lakum'maŵa ndikutsika pansi pazitsamba zazitsulo (ndipo konzekerani chitetezo chazitsulo zitsulo ndi zitsulo za katundu).
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imapereka chiwonetsero cha mantha ku Nazi ku Ulaya ndi zipinda zambiri zomwe zikukhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana za mbiriyakale. Lili ndi mayina onse a Ayuda omwe anaphedwa ndi Nazi ku Germany, omwe anawatenga kuchokera ku Yad Vashem.
Maina onse ndi mbiri ndizosanthula pa databata kumapeto kwa chionetserochi.
Malemba onse omwe ali pa malo owonetserako ziwonetsero ali m'Chingelezi ndi Chijeremani.
Zowonadi za alendo pa Chikumbutso cha Holocaust ku Berlin
Adilesi: Cora-Berliner-Straße 1, 10117 Berlin
Telefoni : 49 (0) 30 - 26 39 43 36
Website : www.stiftung-denkmal.de/en/memorials/the-memorial-to-the-murdered-jews-of-europe
Kufika pa Holocaust Memorial: Metro Stop: "Potsdamer Platz" (mzere U2, S1, S 2, S25)
Kuloledwa: Kuloledwa kuli mfulu, koma zopereka zimayamikiridwa.
Maola Otsegula: "Field of Stelae" imatsegulidwa nthawi zonse. Nyumba yosungiramo zinyumba imatsegulidwa April - September: 10:00 mpaka 20:00; October - March 10:00 mpaka 19:00; atsekedwa Lolemba, kupatulapo maholide onse.
Ulendo Wokayendetsa: Maulendo Omasuka Loweruka pa 15:00 (Chingerezi) ndi Lamlungu pa 15:00 (German); 1.5 ola nthawi
Zikalata Zina Zachiwawa ku Berlin
Pamene chikumbutso chinamangidwanso, panali kutsutsana pa nkhaniyi pokhapokha pokhapokha Ayuda omwe anazunzidwa chifukwa chakuti anthu ambiri anakhudzidwa ndi chipani cha Nazi.
Zina mwazikumbutso zakonzedwa kuti zikumbukire imfa yawo:
- Chikumbutso Kwa Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha Ankazunzidwa Pansi Nazism - Kudutsa mumsewu, chiwonetserocho chimasonyeza kuti chimangidwe chachikulu cha chikumbutso chimaganiziridwa ndi anthu ambiri ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
- Chikumbutso kwa anthu a Sinti ndi Aromani omwe amazunzidwa ndi National Socialism - Chikumbutso chatsopano cha Nazi chinalemekeza anthu 20,000 - 500,000 ku Porajmos.
- Stolpersteine - Malo osasunthika, agolide omwe ali ndi misewu komwe anthu amakakamizika kunyumba kwawo ndikuwatumiza kundende zozunzirako anthu. "Zopunthwitsa" ndi chikumbutso chophatikizapo onse ozunzidwa mu ulamuliro wa Nazi.
- Bunler's Bunker - Malo otsiriza a Hitler masiku omalizira ndi ochuluka mwadzidzidzi osakumbukira. Palinso bolodi lodziŵika bwino lodziŵa mbiriyakale.