Zina Zachilembo Zachi Irish Zomwe Zidzakuthandizani Mukadutsa Long, Mdima Wamdima
Monga momwe mungadziwire, Halowini ndizomwe zimapanga dziko la Ireland ... bwino, mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga chiyambi cha zikondwerero za spooktacular zimapezeka ku Celtic Samhain . Koma kodi mumadziwa kuti munthu wina wa ku Ireland anapeleka chinthu chimodzi chofunika kwambiri pa Halowini? Inde, tikukamba za Count Dracula.
Kotero kuti ndikulowetseni ku Halloween (kapena Samhain) maganizo, kaya mu Ireland kapena ku Indiana, mungathe kuchita zoipitsitsa kusiyana ndi kupita ku laibulale yanu ya komweko ndikuyang'ana nkhani zina zaku Irish.
Nawa malingaliro ena, amphumphu ndi maulumikizidwe ku zolemba zamakono pazinthu zosamveka zolembedwa kapena zolembedwa ndi olemba Achi Irish. Tiyeni titenge Gothic pa dzungu!
Maturin's Melmoth - Wolemera kwambiri
Charles Robert Maturin (1782 mpaka 1824) anali ndi ntchito patsogolo pake monga mtsogoleri, adakonzedweratu mu mpingo wa Ireland. Zochita zake zapadera, komabe, zimalipidwa kulimbitsa kulikonse kwakukulu mu utsogoleri wa tchalitchi. Anayamba ntchito yachiwiri monga wolemba masewera a Gothic ndi ma buku, poyambirira pansi pa chinyengo. Pamene wolembayo adadziwika, Mpingo wa Ireland sunakhumudwitse ndipo Maturin adamumitsa kuti awume. Ntchito yake yodziwika kwambiri inachedwa mochedwa m'moyo (ngakhale ziyenera kunenedwa kuti sizinali motalika) - ndi "Melmoth the Wanderer".
"Melmoth Wanderer" anali Maturin yemwe ankakonda kwambiri (nthawi ndi malo) buku la Gothic ndipo linafalitsidwa mu 1820. "Wopambana" wa bukuli, Melmoth, ndi katswiri wamaphunziro amene anachita chinthu chodziwika kwambiri kugulitsa moyo wake kwa satana. Kuwonjezera pa zaka 150 zowonjezereka za moyo. Kenaka akuchoka, monga momwe amachitira, akufufuza dziko lapansi kuti wina atenge pangano la satana kwa iye.
Kukhalitsa kwake kwakhala kuyerekezedwa ndi "Myuda Wowonongeka", koma mukhoza kuona Faust komanso ETA Hoffmann a " Elixiere des Teufels " monga kusiyana pa mutu womwewo.
Bukuli ndilo nkhani zokhala ndi zokongoletsa m'nkhani zina, kupereka owerenga (pa mfundo zosakhulupirika) nkhani ya moyo wa Melmoth.
Pali ndondomeko yokhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu ku British (makamaka Chingerezi) kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Ndipo palinso phokoso lopweteka kwambiri pakamwa pakudza Katolika Katolika, mosiyana ndi chipulumutso chopezeka mu Chiprotestanti. Owerenga amakono akhoza kulimbana ndi buku ... koma ndiyetu ndikuyesera.
Mukhoza kupeza Maturin a "Melmoth the Wanderer" mwa kutsatira izi.
Kuwerenga Mwamphamvu - Magulu a St John D. Seymour
St John D. Seymour nayenso anali mtsogoleri wachiprotestanti, koma mosiyana ndi Maturin iye anali wokhometsa, ndi antiquarian. Misonkhano yake yachikulire ya Victorian pazochitika zapadera zimakhala zabwino kwambiri kuti nthawi zonse azilowetsa mu nkhaniyi, nthawi yogona yowerenga kuti ikhale yotsirizika ndi kuwala kwa kandulo ... Ndikupangitsani kuyang'ana pa nkhani yake pa Irish Witchcraft and Demonology, yomwe ikuphatikizapo ambiri Zambiri zokhudza mayesero ndi mavuto a Dame Alice Kyteler. Ndipo chifukwa cha zosiyana, mungayesere Zoona Zowona za Mzimu Woyera zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi Seymour, yapamwamba kwambiri.
Sheridan Le Fanu - Kusakaniza Zoona ndi Zopeka
Joseph Thomas Sheridan Le Fanu (1814 mpaka 1873) anali, mwinamwake, Irish wolemba bwino kwambiri wa nkhani za Gothic ndi zozizwitsa (zambiri mwazochitikazi ndizozikulu kwambiri m'mbiri ya nthano zachinyengo).
Kawirikawiri ankawoneka ngati mmodzi mwa olemba bwino kwambiri a mizimu m'zaka za zana la 19, iye adalimbikitsa kwambiri pakukula kwa mtunduwo. Apanso, pali mpingo wa Ireland, monga bambo a Le Fanu anali mtsogoleri ku West Dublin. Phiri la Phoenix ndi mudzi wokongola wa Chapelizod ndi nkhani za Le Fanu.
Chenjezo - Sheridan Le Fanu anayesera kugwirizanitsa pakati pa chilengedwe ndi kusonkhanitsa. Zina mwa nkhani zake zimapangidwa, zina zimaperekedwa kwa owerenga monga "nkhani zapansi". Mmodzi samadziŵa konse kumene kufotokozera kumathera ndipo zowonongeka zimayambira ... yang'anani nkhani zingapo za Sheridan Le Fanu mumsonkhanowu womwe unafikira kudzera izi.
Big Daddy - Bram Stoker
Abraham (wodziwika bwino monga "Bram") Stoker (1847 mpaka 1912) nayenso anabwera kuchokera ku banja lachipembedzo la Church of Ireland, adakonda maphunziro apadera pa sukulu yachipembedzo, anaphunzira malamulo, koma anayamba kudziwika kuti anali wothandizira wa Victorian star actor Henry Irving, ndi woyang'anira bizinesi wa Irving's Lyceum Theatre ku London.
Mu nthawi yake yopuma, iye analemba mabukhu ochepa ndi nkhani ...
Mu 1897 adatulutsa "Dracula" pa dziko la Victorian - buku lochititsa chidwi la Gothic limene limapangitsa owerenga kupyola theka la Ulaya nthawi yochuluka ( "... denn kufa Toten reiten schnell!" ) Ndipo amatanthauza kukhala ndi makalata, zolemba zolemba ndi zina zotero, ndi wolemba nkhani wosintha. Zomwe, zenizeni, zikhoza kuwerengedwa lero ... kuposa zotsutsana "Melmoth".
"Dracula" ya Bram Stoker imakhala yosiyana siyana ndipo imakhudza mitundu yambiri yolemba - kuyambira ndi buku la Gothic, buku la vampire yolemba mabuku, zolemba zowonongeka, komanso "zofalitsa zowonongeka", njira ya ku Britain yopereka chiwonongeko ndi mawu. Ndizochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Vampires sizochokera kwa Stoker, ndipo chisankho chake chofuna kupanga Vlad the Impaler msilikali wosawerengeka chikhoza kukhala chosasintha, koma bukuli ndithu linali ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa mtunduwo.
Kuti muwerenge bwino, mwatalika, pezani "Dracula" ya Bram Stoker mwa kutsatira izi.
Dracula anafika kunyumba mu 2014, pamene filimuyo "Dracula Untold" inafotokozedwa kumpoto kwa Ireland ... chifukwa chiyani Giant's Causeway yowonjezera CGI inkayenera kuyimilira mapiri a Carpathian zolimbikitsa kuposa maganizo.
Mpumulo Wopepuka ndi Oscar Wilde
Wolemba ndakatulo ndi wolemba ndakatulo dzina lake Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (1854 mpaka 1900) sakusowa mawu oyamba, ndipo "Chithunzi cha Dorian Gray" kawirikawiri amawoneka ngati nkhani yoopsya ... koma pafupi ndi Halloween ndimakonda kukambirana nkhani ina yokhudza zauzimu. "The Canterville Ghost" ndi nkhani yaifupi yomwe yakhala yovuta kwambiri, ndimakonda choyambirira kuti iwonetsedwe pazenera. Ndipotu nkhani yoyamba ya Wilde idafalitsidwa, mu "The Court and Society Review" mu February 1887.
Nkhaniyi ndi yosavuta - nyumba yakale ya Chingerezi, yotchedwa Canterville Chase, imakhazikitsidwa ngati nyumba ya archetypal haunted, yodzazidwa ndi malo a Gothic kuphatikizapo kujambulitsa, laibulale yosindikizidwa mu black oak, zida zowonongeka, zipangizo zapansi, ndi maulosi ena akale kuti azipita nazo zonsezi.
M'dziko la America muli anthu otchuka kwambiri ... a Otis banja, odzala ndi zosangalatsa zosadziwika, kudzidalira kopanda malire, ndi chikhulupiriro chosagwedezeka mu madalitso a dziko lamakono ... komanso ogulitsa kwambiri. Inde, izi zikutsutsana ndi miyambo ya ku Britain. Ndipo ndithudi ndi mzimu wa Canterville ...
Kuti chisangalalo cha Irish Halloween chiwerengedwe, palibe chomwe chingakhale bwino kusiyana ndi Oscar Wilde wa "Canterville Ghost", yomwe imapezeka pansi pa izi.