Momwe Mungamvetse Zomangamanga Zakale ku UK
Britain ili ndi anthu osamvetseka omwe amapanga nyumba zomwe ziri zaka zikwi zambiri, aliyense ali ndi dzina lake lapadera.
Mabuku othandizira amatitsogolera ku dolmens, brochs, cromlechi, menhirs ngati kuti aliyense akudziwa chomwe ali. Koma kodi zinthu izi ndi ziti? Kodi tikudziwa chiyani za iwo? Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, mungadziwe bwanji zomwe mukuyang'ana pamene mukuwona chimodzi?
Glossary iyi yazithunzithunzi za mawu ogwiritsiridwa ntchito pa zikumbutso zakale ku Britain ziyenera kukuthandizani kumvetsetsa zina mwa zinsinsi izi.
Barrow
Anakulira pansi ndi miyala pamanda kapena manda a manda. Komanso amatchedwa mulu kapena tumulus.
Tsambani
Nyumba ya Iron Age, yomwe imapezeka kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa Scotland. Ndi nsanja yaikulu, yozungulira yokhala ndi makoma awiri a khungu, owuma. Makoma awiriwa mkati mwake, anali ndi danga pakati pawo ndipo anali omangirizana palimodzi pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mbali imeneyi imatanthauza kuti nsanja zikhoza kukwera mpaka mamita oposa 40. Iwo nthawiyomwe ankaganiziridwa kuti ali a chitetezo koma pali ambiri a iwo omwe archaeologists tsopano akuganiza kuti anali ndi cholinga chosiyana. Iwo amati iwo anali chabe mawu a umwini kapena kukhalapo pa malo oti azisangalatsa kunja. Osachepera 50 atapezeka ku Orkney ngakhale kuti ochepa chabe afufuzidwa. Onani Mzere wa Gurness .
Zimachitika
Liwu lachigriki la nkhuku. Zolemba zapadera zikanakhala zotetezera ziweto zina, ndipo nthawi zina njere, komanso.
Cairn
Pazinthu zenizeni, cairn ndi dongosolo la miyala yayikulu yoikidwa ngati chikumbutso, chizindikiro kapena chenjezo.
Ku Britain, phokoso la mphete ndi malo amtundu wa Bronze - miyala yambiri, yomwe imapezeka makamaka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa England, mwina mamita 50 kapena mamita 60. Kufufuzidwa kwapeza umboni wa moto ndi kuikidwa m'manda mkati mwa izi. Zitsamba zamtunduwu, zomwe zimapezeka pakatikati pa Wales, zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, zowonongeka ndi miyala yapamwamba kuposa mtunda.
Causeway
Njira zoyambirira zakutsogolo zinali za Iron Age njira kudutsa dziko la Boggy. Iwo anali atayikidwa ndi matabwa pa pilings kuti apereke mapazi olimba. Fiskerton Causeway mu Witham Valley ya Lincolnshire inakhazikitsidwa pafupifupi 600 BC
Chimbutso cha Chambered
Malo osungiramo malo amapezeka kudzera mu mtundu wina wa pakhomo ndipo amagawidwa mu chipinda chimodzi kapena kupitilira anthu, monga mausoleum wamakono, akusonyeza kuti malo otchuka amaikidwa m'manda. Manda osungidwa osasokonezeka amawoneka ngati mapiri pamtunda. Akatswiri ena ofukula zinthu zakale tsopano akuganiza kuti manda akuluakulu amachitira mwambo wamakono monga amipingo amakono amachitira.
Cist
Choyamba "bokosi" lakuikidwa m'manda kapena mabokosi. Onani Manda a Bronze kuikidwa m'manda.
Chipinda cha Clapper
Zipangidwe zomangidwa ndi miyala yayitali yaitali yomwe imathandizidwa ndi mwala wouma womwe unamangidwa. Chifukwa cha zomangamanga zawo, mwina amamanga kuti mahatchi apakati azidutsa mitsinje yaing'ono. Mabulokosi a Clapper alipo ku Dartmoor ndi Exmoor komanso snowdonia ku Wales. Ena amachokera ku mibadwo yapakati ndipo ambiri amakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse pamayenda.
Crannog
Chilumba chaching'ono, malo a malo oyambirira kapena nyumba ndipo amapezeka m'nyanja ndi malo osungirako nyama ku Scotland ndi ku Ireland. Kumadzulo kwa Scotland, crannogs ali ndi maziko a miyala ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zomera chifukwa nyama sizidya pa iwo.
M'madera ena magalasi ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zamatabwa. Onani chithunzi cha crannog pa Loch Awe.
Cromlech
Mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito ku Wales kuti afotokoze manda a chipinda kapena pakhomo la manda a chipinda. Ziri zofanana ndi dolmen (onani m'munsimu).
Dolmen
Mwala wawukulu wanyanja wotsogoleredwa ndi miyala yowongoka ngati mawonekedwe. Dolmens ndi mabwinja a manda a Stone Age pambuyo pa mounds (kapena tumuli) omwe akugwirizana nawo adachokapo. Zingathenso kuti dolmens anali mafano ophiphiritsira chabe.
Henge
Dothi lozungulira kapena oval ndi banki yokhazikika ndi dzenje mkati mwa banki yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa miyambo kapena kuwerengera nthawi ndi nyengo. Dzina lakuti henge limachokera ku Stonehenge , chitsanzo cholemekezeka kwambiri. Dzina lake limachokera ku Anglo Saxon popachikidwa kapena mwala wamtengo wapatali. Zambiri zimapangidwa ndi kuyanjana kwa dzuwa, kapena mwezi, ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana a henge.
Pa Summer Solstice , makamu a anthu amabwera ku Stonehenge kukakondwerera usiku wochepa kwambiri pa chaka. Koma, zenizeni, cholinga cha ziganizo izi ndidakalibe, ndikuganiza kuti aliyense akuganiza.
Hill Fort
Zomera zapadziko lapansi, kuchokera ku Iron Age kapena poyamba, ndi mapiri otsetsereka ndi maulendo apamwamba. Ngakhale kuti iwo ali otetezeka, omwe amamangidwa kumalo okwezeka kwambiri, dera lamapiri la Iron Age linathandizanso kumalo ochepa a nyumba ndi antchito. Nyumba ya Maiden ku Dorset ndi Old Sarum, pafupi ndi Stonehenge, zonsezi ndi zitsanzo za mapiri a mapiri.
Menhir
Mwala waukulu wakuima, nthawizina wojambula ndi luso la Stone Age ndi zizindikiro. Menhirs akhoza kukhala miyala yofanana, monga Rudston Monolith yaikulu ku Yorkshire Wolds. Pafupi mamita 26 kutalika, meny uyu, mu tchalitchi cha All Saint 'ku Rudston, ndi mwala wawukulu kwambiri ku Britain ndipo unamangidwa pafupifupi 1600 BC Zina zitha kukhala m'magulu kapena ngakhale mwala. Miyala ya Stenness ndi gulu la menhirs.
Mphindi Wodutsa
Mofanana ndi manda a m'manda, manda a manda amakhala ndi malo amkati, ophatikiza miyala ndi miyala yokhala ndi miyala, kutsogolo kwa chipinda chamkati. Maeshowe ku Orkney ndi manda otchuka omwe anaikidwa pansi pamanda aakulu. Orkney ili ndi mapiri ambiri ofanana, omwe tsopano sakuphatikizidwa.
Nyumba ya magudumu
Nyumba yosungirako nyumba yomwe inapezeka ku Western Isles ku Scotland. Gudumu lam'mbuyomu lakumbuyo lili ndi makoma a miyala yamkati ndi miyala ya miyala, yokonzedwa ngati mawu a gudumu, miyala yokhala ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi denga lamwala.