"Cajun" ndi "Creole" ndi mau omwe mudzawona kulikonse ku New Orleans ndi South Louisiana. Pazitsamba, makamaka, komanso muzokambirana za zomangamanga, mbiri, nyimbo, ndi zina. Koma kodi akutanthauzanji?
Kodi "Cajun" N'chiyani?
Anthu a Cajun ndi mbadwa za anthu a ku Canada omwe amakhala ku Canada omwe anayamba kukhazikika ku Nova Scotia - malo omwe anawatcha Acadie - mu 1605. Pambuyo pa zaka 150 za ulimi wamtendere ndi nsomba pamphepete mwa Bay of Fundy, awa anthu anathamangitsidwa pamene Canada inagonjetsedwa ku Britain.
Anthu awa - Acadians - atabalika. Ena anabisala pafupi, kawirikawiri pakati pa a Micmac Tribe, omwe anali okondana nao. Ena anakwera ngalawa: ena mwadzidzidzi, ena sanapite, ndipo anayenda panyanja. Pambuyo pa zaka zingapo za kumayiko ena, iwo anasonkhana pamodzi pamene anaitanidwa mu 1764 kuti akakhale ku coloni ya ku Spain komweko ku Spain.
Anthuwa, omwe adaphunzira kulima ndi kusodza m'nyengo yozizira ya ku Canada, adakhazikika m'madera otsetsereka, otchedwa Bayou-laced kumadera akum'mwera ndi kumadzulo kwa dziko la New Orleans. Iwo adagwirizanitsa ndi kupanga magulu a anthu, ndipo m'zaka zonsezi adakhudzidwa ndi chikhalidwe chawo kuchokera kwa anansi awo atsopano a ku America, ndi anthu ena a chi German, Irish, Spanish, ndi English, komanso anthu ochokera ku Africa, onse omwe ali akapolo komanso omasuka, kuchokera ku France anthu.
Chikhalidwe chotukuka chinali kumidzi yakumidzi, kumakhala nsomba ndi ulimi m'madera ozungulira nyanja, ndi ng'ombe zoweta zomwe zimakhala m'madera ozungulira a ku South America, kupatula midzi ya New Orleans ndi pambuyo pake Baton Rouge.
Mawu akuti "Acadian" morphed mu Chingerezi kukhala "Cajun," ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati mawu odzudzula mpaka adzalandidwanso m'zaka za m'ma 2000.
Anthu a Cajun ndi mbiri yakale kwambiri (ndipo ambiri amalankhula Chifalansa lero, chilankhulo chomwe chili chosiyana koma chikugwirizana bwino ndi French ndi Canada French) ndi Chikatolika.
Zakudya za Cajun ndizowona, kudalira kwambiri nyama zomwe zimasuta ndi zowonjezera komanso zakudya zam'nyanja komanso zonunkhira bwino koma osati zonunkhira, malinga ndi maiko ena a Caribbean ndi zakudya zapansi. Mchenga ndiwowonjezera, koma mbatata imakula mumzinda wa Cajun ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsamba zachikhalidwe. Nyimbo za Cajun zinasinthika mofanana ndi nyimbo za Acadian zowonjezereka, kuwonjezeranso kuvomerezana ndi nyimbo zomwenso zimakhala zomveka komanso zovuta zomwe zimachitika kuchokera ku Africa ndi ku America.
Ndikoyenera kubwereza kuti chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha Cajun sichiri ku New Orleans, koma kumidzi yaku South Louisiana. Ndithudi anthu ambiri a ku Cajun amakhala ku New Orleans tsopano, koma si chikhalidwe cha Cajun chikhalidwe ndi malo alionse, ndipo malo odyera ndi oimba a Cajun ndikulankhula, kufunika kwa mzinda, osati chikhalidwe cha mzindawo .
Kodi Chikiliyo N'chiyani?
"Creole," monga mawu, ndi lovuta kwambiri kuposa "Cajun," chifukwa liri ndi matanthauzo ambiri. Zambiri za matanthauzo, makamaka.
Chophweka ndi chachifupi (koma mwina chosayenera) tanthawuzo la "Creole" ndi "lobadwa m'madera." Kumayambiriro oyambirira ochokera ku Louisiana koloni, mungayang'ane mazokamba a akavalo achi Creole (omwe amaonedwa kuti ali amphamvu chifukwa anabadwira ndi kukulira kutentha kwa Louisiana), mwachitsanzo.
Matato a Creole anapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 monga mitundu yolimba yomwe inakula bwino ku Louisiana kutentha.
Koma Chikiliyo chinachokera kwa anthu a ku Ulaya omwe anabadwira m'madera achi French ndi Spanish, ndipo pambuyo pake nthawi zambiri ankatanthauza anthu ochokera ku Ulaya ndi Africa (ndipo nthawi zina Amwenye Achimereka). Panthawiyi, matanthauzo onsewa adakali oona. Mudzamva zolemba za "White Creoles" kapena "Makolo akale achi Creole ," omwe amasonyeza mbadwa zapadera za okhala pachiyambi ku France kupita ku mzindawo. Pamene chakudya chimatchulidwa kuti Creole, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chakudya chokwanira cha anthu olemerawa, koma ndibwino kukumbukira kuti chakudyachi chimapangidwa ndi amayi omwe ali akapolo ogwira ntchito m'makhitchini awo, motero amakhala ndi zotsatira zambiri (kuganiza za amayi a ku France ndi ma African ndi New World zosakaniza, monga okra ndi filé).
Chirebeli ndilo chizindikiro cha anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wosiyanasiyana wa African and European, komanso makamaka mabanja omwe akhala ku Louisiana kuyambira masiku achikoloni. Mabuku onse adalembedwa pa zovuta za maukwati a ku New Orleans, omwe akhala osamvetsetseka komanso osatsutsika kwa mbiri yonse ya koloni koma ndikwanira kunena kuti anthu omwe amadziwika kuti Creoles ali ndi mtundu wosiyana ndi anthu omwe kudziwonetsera nokha ngati wakuda. (Ndipo kusokoneza zinthu, anthu ambiri amadziwika ngati onse awiri, ndipo ndithudi kunja kulibe njira yeniyeni yodziwira kusiyana kwake, kumvetsa kwake kukhala chinthu chachikulu cha Plessy wotchuka motsutsana ndi mlandu wa Ferguson.) Yankho lochepa: ngati muli osati kuchokera pano, mwina simungamvetse. Ndipo ndizo zabwino.
Pofuna kulimbikitsa zinthu zambiri, anthu ambiri amapezeka ku Cajun zigawo za Louisiana (ndiko kunena, ambiri ku South Louisiana kunja kwa New Orleans ndi Baton Rouge, koma makamaka pafupi ndi Lafayette ndi Lake Charles) kudzidzidzimutsa ngati Creole, ngakhale atakhala ali ndi makolo ochepa chabe a ku Ulaya. Chikiliyo ku Cajun Country chimangotanthauza "mbiri ya African-American." Ndi Creoles akumidzi awa amene adayambitsa nyimbo zydeco ndipo amadziwika ndi chikhalidwe cha a Kaluole, zomwe zimaphatikizapo makwerero ndi makola a cowboy omwe alipo mpaka lero. Chakudya cha Creole chimafanana ndi chakudya cha Cajun koma chimakhala ngati spicier (ngakhale chiri chonse pa mutu uwu, pali ophika ambiri kuchokera ku mafashoni onse omwe adzaswa lamulolo).
Pofuna kusokoneza zinthu zambiri, anthu ambiri a ku Creole akumidzi amamera mumzindawu, komabe makamaka mumzinda wa Lafayette, Lake Charles, Beaumont, ndi Houston, komwe ndi pamene zydeco akuchita upainiya Clifton Chenier akukhala anapatsa mtunduwo dzina lake. Koma musasokoneze chikhalidwe chimenecho pa Creoles of Color yowonekera kuchokera ku New Orleans - ndi nthambi zomwe zimapezeka mumtundu womwewo. Mitundu yoyamba yosakanikirana yopanga zydeco, ndipo womalizayo anachita chimodzimodzi koma anatuluka ndi jazz. Anasokonezekabe? Chabwino. Si zophweka.
Wokonzeka kukhala womangika komaliza? Popeza kuti mzinda wa Louisiana unali wovomerezeka kwambiri m'mayiko ena, iwo anakopeka ndi anthu ambiri a ku France mpaka pano. Ena a ku Francophone-anatsika anthu ku Louisiana amachokera kumalo osakhalitsa omwe amatanthauza (omwe sali achikatolika) ndipo amadziona okha kuti si Cajun kapena Creole, koma Chifaransa basi, kapena, m'zinenero zapachilumba, French-French.
Yankho Lalifupi
Ngati muli ku New Orleans, Creole amatanthauza zokongola komanso za Cajun zimatanthawuzira kukongola. Ngati muli ku Acadiana (Cajun country), Creole amatanthauza wakuda ndi Cajun amatanthauza zoyera. Izi zimawongolera zinthu mochititsa chidwi koma zimapanga maziko olimba kuti amvetse mfundozi. Mulimonsemo, ngati muli ku South Louisiana ndipo mumamva za Cajun kapena Restaurant ya Chireole, mumakhala otetezeka mukuganiza kuti chakudya chidzakhala chokoma.