Malo, Mbiri, Zowonjezera Kukwera, ndi Zina Zochititsa chidwi za Phiri Everest Facts
Phiri la Everest liri pamalire pakati pa Tibet ndi Nepal ku Himalaya ku Asia.
Everest ili ku Mahalangur Range pa Plateau ya Tibetan yotchedwa Qing Zang Gaoyuan. Msonkhanowu uli pakati pa Tibet ndi Nepal.
Phiri la Everest limasunga kampani ina yayitali. Mzinda wa Mahalangur ndi nyumba zokhala ndi mapiri asanu ndi limodzi. Mapiri a Everest amatsenga. Nthawi yoyamba yopita ku Nepal nthawi zambiri sadziwa kuti phiri ndi Everest mpaka wina awamasulira!
Pa mbali ya Nepali, phiri la Everest liri ku Sagarmatha National Park ku Solukhumbu District. Pa mbali ya Tibetan, phiri la Everest liri ku Tingri County m'dera la Xigaze, zomwe China amaona kuti ndi dera lapadera komanso mbali ya People's Republic of China.
Chifukwa cha zotsutsana ndi ndale ndi zina, mbali ya Nepali ya Everest imapezeka mosavuta ndipo nthawi zambiri imaonekera. Pamene wina akunena kuti apita " ku Everest Base Camp ," akukamba za South Base Camp pamtunda wa 17,598 ku Nepal.
Kodi Mount Everest Ndi Wamtunda Motani?
Kafukufuku wobvomerezedwa ndi Nepal ndi China (pakalipano) wapereka: mamita 8,840 pamwamba pa nyanja.
Pamene zipangizo zamakono zowonjezereka, njira zofufuzira zosiyana zimapitiriza kupanga zotsatira zosiyana za kutalika kwa phiri la Everest. Akatswiri a sayansi ya nthaka samagwirizana ngati miyeso iyenera kukhala yochokera ku chisanu kapena thanthwe losatha. Kuonjezera kupsinjika kwawo, kuthamanga kwa tectonic kumapangitsa phirili kukula pang'ono pachaka!
Pa mamita 8,840 pamwamba pa nyanja, phiri la Everest ndilo phiri lapamwamba kwambiri komanso lodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Himalayas ya ku Asia- phiri lalitali kwambiri padziko lonse- kudutsa m'mayiko asanu ndi limodzi: China, Nepal, India, Pakistan, Bhutan , ndi Afghanistan. Himalaya amatanthawuza "malo a chisanu" m'Sanskrit.
Kodi Dzina Limene Linati "Everest" Linachokera Kuti?
Chodabwitsa, phiri lalitali kwambiri la dziko lapansi silinapeze dzina lake lakumadzulo kwa aliyense amene anakwera. Phirili limatchulidwa kuti Sir George Everest, yemwe ndi Wales Wamkulu wa ku India pa nthawiyo. Iye sanafune ulemuwo ndi kutsutsa lingalirolo pa zifukwa zambiri.
Olamulira mu 1865 sanamvere ndipo adatchedwanso "Peak XV" ku "Everest" polemekeza Sir George Everest. Choipa kwambiri, kutchulidwa kwa Wales ndiko kwenikweni "Kupuma mpumulo" osati "Ever-est"!
Phiri la Everest linali kale ndi maina angapo a m'deralo otembenuzidwa kuchokera ku alfabeti osiyana, koma palibe omwe anali ovomerezeka kuti apange boma popanda kukhumudwitsa malingaliro a wina. Sagarmatha, dzina la Nepali la Everest ndi paki lozungulira, silinagwiritsidwe ntchito mpaka m'ma 1960.
Dzina lachi Tibetani la Everest ndi Chomolungma lomwe limatanthauza "Mayi Woyera."
Kodi Zimakhala Zambiri Kuti Zidzathe Phiri la Everest?
Kukwera phiri la Everest ndi lofunika kwambiri . Ndipo ndi imodzi mwazochita zomwe simukufuna kudula ngodya pa zipangizo zotsika mtengo kapena kubwereka munthu amene sakudziwa zomwe akuchita.
Chilolezo chochokera ku boma la Nepal chimawononga US $ 11,000 pamwezi. Ndilo pepala lapamwamba. Koma zina zopanda-zazing'ono-ngongole ndi zowonjezera zimathamangira pachangu mwamsanga.
Mudzapatsidwa tsiku lililonse pamsasa kuti mupulumutsedwe pamanja, inshuwalansi kuti mutenge thupi lanu ngati kuli koyenera ... ndalamazo zingakwere mwamsanga madola 25,000 musanagule choyamba choda kapena kugula Sherpas ndi wotsogolera.
"Dokotala Wachilengedwe" Sherpas yemwe amakonza njira ya nyengo akufuna mphotho. Mulipira malipiro a tsiku ndi tsiku kwa ophika, kupeza mafoni, kuchotsa zinyalala, maulendo a nyengo, etc.-mukhoza kukhala ku Base Camp kwa miyezi iwiri kapena kuposerapo, malingana ndi nthawi yaitali bwanji yomwe mukumvera.
Gear yomwe ingakhoze kulimbana ndi gehena yomwe imadutsa pa Everest ulendo si wotchipa. Botolo imodzi yokha ya mafuta okwana 3-lita imatha ndalama zoposa $ 500. Mufunikira zosachepera zisanu, mwina zambiri. Muyenera kugula a Sherpas, nawonso. Mabotolo okwera bwino ndi suti yokwera amatha kuwononga $ 1,000.
Kusankha zinthu zotchipa kungakugulitseni zala. Zida zokha zimayenda pakati pa $ 7,000-10,000 paulendo uliwonse.
Malingana ndi wolemba, wokamba nkhani, ndi Msonkhano Wachisanu ndi chiwiri akukwera Alan Arnette, mtengo wamtengo wapatali wopita kumsonkhano wa Everest kuchokera kum'mwera ndi wotsogolera wa kumadzulo anali $ 64,750 mu 2017.
Mu 1996, gulu la Jon Krakauer linalipira madola 65,000 pamsonkhano wawo uliwonse. Ngati mukufunadi kuwonjezera mwayi wanu wopita pamwamba ndikukhala ndi moyo kuti muuzeni za izo, mukufuna kukonzekera David Hahn. Pokhala ndi mayesero okwana 15 omwe apambana, akulemba zolemba za munthu wosakwera Sherpa. Kulemba naye pamodzi kukupatsani ndalama zokwana madola 115,000.
Ndani adakwera phiri la Everest Choyamba?
Sir Edmund Hillary, mlimi wochokera ku New Zealand ndi Nepalese wake Sherpa, Tenzing Norgay, ndiwo oyamba kufika pamsonkhano pa May 29, 1953, cha m'ma 11:30 m'mawa. Awiriwo adayika ma phokoso ndi mtanda wawang'ono musanapite nthawi yomweyo sangalalani kukhala mbali ya mbiriyakale.
Panthawiyo, Tibet inatsekedwa kwa alendo chifukwa cha nkhondo ndi China. Nepal analola ulendo umodzi wokha wa Everest pachaka; maulendo apitalo anali atayandikira kwambiri koma analephera kufika pamsonkhano.
Kutsutsana ndi malingaliro akukwiyabebe kuti kaya ndi British mountaineer George Mallory anafika pamsonkhano mu 1924 asanawononge paphiri. Thupi lake silinapezeke mpaka 1999. Everest ndi yabwino kwambiri popanga mikangano ndi ziphuphu.
Zolemba Zochititsa chidwi za Everest
- Apa Sherpa anakwanitsa kufika pamsonkhanowu kasanu ndi kawiri mu May 2011. Iye tsopano akukhala ku Utah.
- Mchaka cha 2013, Sherpa Phurba Tashi adalumikizana ndi Apa Sherpa ndi mpikisano wake 21 wopambana. Tashi amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha udindo wake muchisokonezo chaka cha 2015 cholembedwa cha Sherpa .
- American Dave Hahn akugwira nambala ya machitidwe abwino omwe si a Sherpa; adafika pamsonkhano pa nthawi ya 15 May 2013.
- Jordan Romero-mnyamata wazaka 13 wa ku California-adalemba kuti anali wamng'ono kwambiri kukwera phiri la Everest pa May 22, 2010. Iye anakonza msonkhano ndi bambo ake ndi amayi ake opeza. Anakhalanso wochepetsetsa kuti atsirize kukwera Misonkhano Isanu ndi iwiri.
- American Melissa Arnot anafikira nthawi yachisanu ndi chiwiri mu 2013. Iye ali ndi mbiri yopambana ndi mkazi wosakhala wa Sherpa.
Kukwera phiri la Everest
Chifukwa chakuti msonkhanowo uli pakati pa Tibet ndi Nepal, phiri la Everest likhoza kukwera kuchokera ku mbali ya Tibetan (kumpoto kwa mtunda) kapena kuchokera ku Nepalese (kumwera kwenikweni kwa nyanja).
Kuyambira ku Nepal ndi kukwera kuchokera kummwera chakum'maŵa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosavuta, ponsepo pokwera mapiri ndi chifukwa. Kutsika kuchokera kumpoto ndi wotsika mtengo, komabe, kupulumutsidwa ndi kovuta kwambiri ndipo ndege za helikopita siziloledwa kuthawira mbali ya ku Tibetan.
Ambiri okwera phiri amayesa kukwera phiri la Everest kuchokera kumwera cha kumwera kwa Nepal, kuyambira pa 17,598 mapazi kuchokera ku Everest Base Camp.
Kutsika Phiri la Everest
Ambiri amamwalira pa Phiri la Everest amapezeka panthawi yomwe amachoka. Malinga ndi nthawi yomwe anthu okwera phiri amachoka pamsonkhanowu, ayenera kutsika nthawi yomweyo akangofika pamwamba kuti asawononge mpweya. Nthaŵi nthawizonse imatsutsana ndi okwera mmwamba mu Malo Ofa. Ochepa kwambiri amapita kukapuma, kupumula, kapena kusangalala ndi malingaliro onse atagwira ntchito mwakhama!
Ngakhale kuti ena okwerapo amatha nthawi yaitali kuti apange telefoni kunyumba.
Mapamwamba oposa mamita 8,000 (26,000 feet) akutengedwa kuti ndi "Malo Ofa" kumapiri. Chigawocho chikugwirizana ndi dzina lake. Mpweya wa oksijeni pamtunda umenewu ndi woonda kwambiri (pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mpweya uli pamtunda) kuthandiza moyo waumunthu. Ambiri okwera, omwe atopa kwambiri ndi mayeserowa, amafa mofulumira popanda oxygen yowonjezera.
Kutaya kwapang'onopang'ono kwa retina nthawi zina kumachitika mu Malo Ofa, kumapangitsa okwera mapulumu kuti apite khungu. Mnyamata wina wazaka 28 wa ku Britain adakwera mwadzidzidzi mu 2010 pamene anali kubadwa ndipo anafera paphiri.
Mu 1999, Babu Chiri Sherpa adalemba mbiri yatsopano ndikukhala pamsonkhano kwa maola oposa 20. Iye anagona ngakhale pa phiri! Chomvetsa chisoni n'chakuti ndondomeko yolimba ya Nepalese inatha mu 2001 pambuyo pa kugwa kwake kwa 11.
Imfa ya Everest Imfa
Ngakhale kuti imfa pa Phiri la Everest imakhala ndi chidwi chochuluka kwa anthu chifukwa cha mapiri osadziwika, Everest ndithudi si phiri lakufa kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Annapurna I ku Nepal ali ndi chiŵerengero chochuluka kwambiri cha okwera phiri, pafupifupi 34 peresenti-oposa mmodzi pa okwera atatu amawonongeka pafupipafupi. Chodabwitsa, Annapurna ndikutsiriza pa mndandanda wa mapiri okwezeka kwambiri pa dziko lonse lapansi. Pafupifupi 29 peresenti, K2 ili ndi chiwerengero chachiwiri chakupha.
Poyerekeza, Phiri la Everest liri ndi maola okwana 4-5 peresenti; anthu osachepera asanu pa 100 amachititsa msonkhano. Chiwerengerochi sichinaphatikizepo anthu omwe adafera m'mabwalo omwe anagunda Base Camp.
Nthawi yoopsa kwambiri m'mbiri ya Everest kuyesedwa mu 1996 pamene nyengo yoipa ndi zosankha zoipa zinapha anthu okwera 15. Nyengo yoopsa pa Phiri la Everest ndilo buku la mabuku ambiri, kuphatikizapo Jon Krakauer ku Thin Air .
Ophedwa kwambiri m'mbiri ya phiri la Everest zinachitika pa April 25, 2015, pamene anthu okwana 19 anataya moyo wawo ku Base Camp. Chiwonongekocho chinayambitsidwa ndi chivomezi chomwe chinawononga dziko lonse. Chaka chapitayi, munthu wina woopsa anapha 16 Sherpas ku Base Camp omwe anali kukonzekera maulendo a nyengoyi. Nyengo ya kukwera inali yotsekedwa.
Kuthamangira ku Everest Base Camp
Everest Base Camp ku Nepal imayendera ndi zikwi zikwi chaka chilichonse. Palibe zochitika zokwera m'mapiri kapena zipangizo zamakono zofunikira kuti zikhale zovuta. Koma ndithudi mufunikira kuthana ndi kuzizira (zosavuta plywood zipinda mu malo osungirako sizikutenthedwa) ndipo amadziwika mpaka pamwamba.
At Base Camp, pali 53 peresenti ya oksijeni yomwe imapezeka panyanja. Oyenda angapo pachaka amanyalanyaza zizindikiro za matenda a Acute Mountain ndipo amawonongeka pamsewu. N'zosadabwitsa kuti anthu amene akuyenda mofulumira ku Nepal amadwala mavuto ochepa. Zomwe amakhulupirira zimasonyeza kuti anthu omwe amayenda paulendo amawopa kwambiri kuti athetse gululo poyankhula za mutu.
Kunyalanyaza zizindikiro za AMS (kupweteka mutu, chizungulire, kusokonezeka) n'koopsa-osatero!
Mapiri Okwezeka Ataliatali Padziko Lonse
Miyeso imayambira pamtunda wa nyanja.
- Phiri la Everest: mamita 8,850)
- K2 (yomwe ili pakati pa China ndi Pakistan): mamita 8,611)
- Kangchenjunga (yomwe ili pakati pa India ndi Nepal): mamita 8,586 mamita 8,586)
- Lhotse (mbali ya Everest): mamita 8,516 mamita 8,516
- Makalu (yomwe ili pakati pa Nepal ndi China): mamita 8485)
- Cho Oyu (pafupi ndi Phiri la Everest pakati pa Nepal ndi China): mamita 8188)
- Dhaulagiri I (Nepal): mamita 8,167 mamita 8,167
- Manaslu (Nepal): mamita 8,163 mamita 16,163
- Nanga Parbat (Pakistan): mamita 8,126 mamita 8,660
- Annapurna I (Nepal): mamita 8,091 (mamita 8,091)