Manda aakulu kwambiri ku France
Ngakhale mayina a Vimy Ridge ndi Wellington Quarry ku Arras amadziwika kwambiri ndi a British, American ndi Canada, omwe a Notre-Dame de Lorette sakudziwa bwino. Mzinda wa kumpoto kwa France pafupi ndi Arras, ndi manda aakulu kwambiri a ku France, omwe ali ndi asilikali oposa 40,000, omwe amadziwika ndi osadziwika ochokera ku France ndi kumadera ake omwe anaikidwa pano. Ndi zachilendo chifukwa liri ndi tchalitchi komanso nsanja yodabwitsa.
Chiyambi
Nkhondo zitatu za Artois zomwe zinachitika m'chaka cha 1914, ndi kumapeto kwa chaka cha 1915, zinali zotsutsana pakati pa asilikali a ku France ndi a Germany amene adalanda deralo. Pakati pa Vimy Ridge ndi Notre-Dame de Lorette, zigawo ziwiri zapamwamba pamtunda wina, zimakhala ndi malo akuluakulu a malasha a ku France, ofunikira nkhondo.
Kwa a French, nkhondo yachiwiri pakati pa May 9 ndi 15 pamene a French anali kuyesa kutenga mapiri awiri a Artois, anali kupambana pang'ono chifukwa anagonjetsa Notre-Dame. Koma mwa mawu aumunthu zinali zoopsa, ndipo asilikali 102,000 a ku France anaphedwa. Kwa French zinali zoipa ngati nkhondo ya Verdun.
Nyumba Zachiwawa za French National War Cemetery
Manda, omwe ali pamwamba pa phiri la mphepo, ndi yaikulu komanso yachilendo chifukwa pali nyumba pano komanso manda. Paki pakhomo ndikulowamo ndipo mubwere kwa iwo. Kukuyang'anirani kumanja kwanu ndi Lantern Tower ya mamita 52.
Usiku mkuntho wake wamphamvu umatumiza kuwala kudutsa m'chigwa chozungulira, kuwoneka makilomita 70 kutalika kwake. Maziko adayikidwa ndi Marshal Petain pa June 19th 1921 ndipo pomalizira pake anamaliza mu August 1925.
Zamangidwa pamtunda waukulu, womwe uli crypt kapena bulu ndi mabwinja a pafupi 8,000 asilikali osadziwika kuchokera ku nkhondo ziwiri zapadziko lonse ndi mikangano ina ya ku France komanso kuchokera kumisasa yachibalo.
Mabokosi ena amabalalika kumanda onse. Kwa onse, asilikali 20,000 osadziwika amaikidwa pano.
Zinali zoona kuti anthu sangathe kulira pamanda omwe amachititsa Bishopu wa Arras kupempha kuti boma la France likhazikitse tchalitchichi. Mu mpingo wa France ndi boma muli osiyana, ndipo palibe zipilala zachipembedzo m'manda ena a ku France. Mpingo uli mkati mwazithunzi ndi zojambulajambula zokongola ndi zikwi zambiri za zikumbutso. Mawindo asanu ndi limodzi anaperekedwa ndi Britain monga chizindikiro choyamikira dziko limene France adapereka ku Commonwealth War Graves Commission ku manda a ku Britain. Tchalitchichi chinapangidwa ndi luso la Lille Louis-Marie Cordonnier ndipo anamanga pakati pa 1921 ndi 1927.
The Graves
Mitanda yopanda malire imatuluka patsogolo panu. Kum'mwera kwa ngodya pali mndandanda waukulu wa manda a Muslim, asilikali ochokera ku France, makamaka kumpoto kwa Africa, ndi miyala yamutu ya mawonekedwe osiyana.
Asilikali okwana 40,000 a ku France amaikidwa pano. Aliyense anapatsidwa mitu yofananamo, popanda kusiyana pakati pa onse ndi apadera. Mawuwa ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa manda a nkhondo a British, kumene zilembo zajeremusi zimalembedwa pamodzi ndi masiku obadwa ndi imfa komanso kawirikawiri mawu ochepa.
Pali nthawi zina manda awiri; mwina chimodzi mwa zomvetsa chisoni ndi manda awiri a dears, bambo ndi mwana, omwe anaphedwa mu 1914 ndi 1940.
The Musee Vivante 1914-1918
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zachilengedwe ya Nkhondo Yaikulu imajambula zithunzi, maunifolomu ndi helmets komanso malo ochititsa chidwi a malo ogona pansi. Kuwonjezera apo, chipinda chimodzi chili ndi dioramas 16 yosonyeza mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo pa nkhondo, kuchokera kuchipatala mpaka kutsogolo. Pamapeto pake pali malo osungirako nkhondo ku Germany ndi French.
Nyumba yosungirako zinthu
Tel: 00 33 (0) 3 21 45 15 80
Kuloledwa 4 euro; 2 euro kuti agwirizane
Tsiku lililonse 9 am-8pm
Yatsekedwa Jan 1, December 25
Mayiko a French National Cemetery
Chemin du Mont de Lorette
Ablain-Saint-Nazaire
Tsegulani March 8 am-5pm; April, May 8 am-6pm; June-September 8 am-7pm; October 8:30 am-5m; Nov-Feb 9 am-5:30pm
Malangizo Manda ali pakati pa Arras kumwera ndi Lens kumpoto chakummawa.
Zachokera ku N937.
Nkhondo Yapadziko Lonse Yambiri Ndikukumbukira Mderalo
Pali manda aang'ono ndi akuluakulu osungirako nkhondo, manda awo mumasewero enieni a asilikali. Palinso manda a ku France, Germany, America, Canada ndi Poland pano.
- Nkhondo Yachifumu Yaikulu ya Nkhondo Yadziko Yonse
- Zikondwerero za America za Nkhondo Yadziko I
- Canadian Memorial ku Vimy Ridge
- Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery
- Manda a French National War kumzinda wa Notre-Dame-de-Lorette
- Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse ya Germany I Restau Camp Camp in Champagne