Manda Ambiri Ambiri ku America ku Ulaya
Manda aakulu kwambiri ku America ali kumpoto-kum'maŵa kwa France ku Lorraine, ku Romagne-sous-Montfaucon. Ndi malo akuluakulu, omwe amakhala mu mahekitala 130 a malo okongola kwambiri. Asilikali okwana 14,246 omwe anafa pa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lapansi adayikidwa pano mu msilikali wowongoka. Manda samakhazikitsidwa molingana ndi udindo: mumapeza woyendetsa pafupi ndi dongosolo, woyendetsa ndege amapereka Medal of Honor pafupi ndi African American mu Labor Division.
Ambiri mwa iwo adamenya nkhondo, ndipo adafera, mu 1918 kuti adziwombole. Achimereka anali kutsogoleredwa ndi General Pershing.
Manda
Mukuyendetsa kudutsa nsanja ziwiri pa khomo kumanda. Pa phiri limodzi, mudzapeza Visitor Center komwe mungakumane ndi antchito, lembani zolembera za alendo ndikudziwe zambiri za nkhondo ndi manda. Cholimbiritsabe ndichokongoletsera ulendo woyendetsedwa womwe uli wolondola, wokondweretsa komanso wodzaza malemba. Inu mumaphunzira zambiri kuposa momwe mungafunire mwa kungoyendayenda.
Kuchokera pano mumayenda pamtunda kupita ku dziwe lozungulira ndi kasupe ndi maluwa. Kukumana nawe pamwamba pa phiri ndi chapelino. Pakati paima pamanda a misa. Pa miyala 14,246 yamtengo wapatali, 13,978 ndi mitanda ya Chilatini ndipo 268 ndi nyenyezi za David. Kunama zonama 486 kumanda otsalira a asilikali osadziwika. Ambiri, koma osati onse, omwe anaikidwa pano adaphedwa pa chipwirikiti chomwe chinayamba mu 1918 kuti apulumutse Meuse.
Koma amachitsidwanso apa ndi anthu ena, kuphatikizapo amayi asanu ndi awiri omwe anali anamwino kapena alembi, ana atatu ndi aphunzitsi atatu. Pali mabungwe 18 a abale omwe amaikidwa pano ngakhale kuti si mbali imodzi, ndipo asanu ndi anayi a Medal of Honor alandira.
Mitu yamutu imakhala yosavuta, ndi dzina, udindo, regiment ndi tsiku la imfa.
Kusiyana kwakukulu kunayambirapo: 91yi idatchedwa Wild Wild West Division kuchokera ku California ndi kumadzulo; Chigawo cha 77 chinali Statue ya Liberty Division ku New York. Pali zosiyana: gulu la 82 ndilo lonse la American American, lomwe linapangidwa ndi asilikali ochokera ku dziko lonse lapansi, pamene zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi ndi zitatu zinagawidwa.
Manda adakhazikitsidwa kuchokera kumanda a manda 150 omwe ali pafupi ndi midzi yoyenera, monga asilikali anayenera kuikidwa mkati mwafunikila masiku awiri mpaka atatu atamwalira. Manda a Meuse-Argonne potsiriza anadzipatulira pa Meyi 30, 1937, ndipo asilikali ena adadzudzula maulendo anayi.
Chapel ndi Wall Memorial
Chiphunzitsocho chimayima pamwamba pa phiri. Ndi nyumba yaing'ono yokhala ndi zinthu zosavuta. Kutsogola pakhomo ndi guwa lomwe lili ndi mbendera za ku United States ndi mabungwe akuluakulu a Allied. Kumanja ndi kumanzere, mawindo awiri akuluakulu a magalasi amasonyeza maumboni osiyanasiyana a boma la America. Apanso, ngati simukudziwa izi, ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi chitsogozo chowunikira.
Kunja, mapiko awiri ali pamtunda, wolembedwa ndi mayina a omwe akusowapo - maina 954 amajambula apa. Kumbali ina mapu akuluakulu amatsitsimutsa nkhondo ndi midzi yozungulira.
Medal of Honor
Pali asanu ndi anayi omwe amalandila Medal of Honor m'manda, osiyana ndi malemba a golide pamanda. Pali nkhani zambiri zozizwitsa, koma chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi cha Frank Luke Jr. (May 19, 1897-September 29, 1918).
Frank Luka anabadwira ku Phoenix, ku Arizona bambo ake atasamukira ku America mu 1873. Mu September, 1917, Frank analembetsa ku Aviation Section, US Signal Corps. Mu July 1918 anapita ku France ndipo adatumizidwa ku 17 Aero Squadron. Chikhalidwe chokhwima chokonzekera kusamvera malamulo, kuyambira pachiyambi adatsimikiza kukhala woyendetsa ndege. Anadzipereka kuti awononge mabuloni a German, ntchito yoopsa chifukwa cha chitetezo cha mfuti chotsutsana ndi ndege. Ndi bwenzi lake Lt. Joseph Frank Wehner chivundikiro choteteza chitetezo chowombera, awiriwo anali opambana kwambiri.
Pa September 18, 1918, Wehner anaphedwa akulimbana ndi Luka yemwe adawombera awiri a Fokker D. VIIs omwe adagonjetsa Wehner, ndipo adatsatidwa ndi mabuloni awiri.
Pakati pa pa 12 ndi 29th, Luke anawombera mabuloni 14 achijeremani ndi ndege zinayi, zomwe palibe woyendetsa ndege omwe anazipeza mu Nkhondo Yadziko lonse. Luka adatha kuthawa pa September 29. Anaponyera pansi mabuloni atatu koma anavulala ndi mfuti imodzi ya mfuti yomwe inathamangitsidwa kuchokera kumapiri pamwamba pake pamene iye ankawulukira pafupi. Anathamangitsira gulu la asilikali achi German pamene adatsika, kenako adafera ku Germany omwe anali kuyesa kumutenga.
Luka adalandiridwa Medal of Honor posthumously. Banja linaperekanso ndondomeko ku National Museum ya United States Air Force pafupi ndi Dayton, Ohio, komwe ikuwonetsedwa ndi zinthu zina za ace.
American Army ndi Meuse-Argonne Offensive
Chaka cha 1914 chisanachitike, asilikali a ku America anaposa 19 pa dziko lonse, m'mbuyo mwa Portugal. Anali ndi asilikali oposa 100,000 nthawi zonse. Pofika m'chaka cha 1918, panali asilikali okwana 4 miliyoni, 2 miliyoni omwe anapita ku France. Anthu a ku America adamenyana ndi a French ku chipwirikiti cha Meuse-Argonne chomwe chinayamba kuyambira September 26 mpaka November 11th, 1918. Asilikali okwana 30,000 a ku America anaphedwa masabata asanu, pa mlingo wa 750 mpaka 800 pa tsiku. Panthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, ndemanga 119 za ulemu zinapindula mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri.
Poyerekeza ndi chiŵerengero cha asilikali omwe anaphana nawo anaphedwa, chinali chiŵerengero chochepa, koma chinayambira chiyambi cha kuloŵerera kwa America ku Ulaya. Panthawiyo, inali nkhondo yaikulu kwambiri m'mbiri ya America.
Nkhondoyo itatha, America akufuna kuchoka ku Ulaya kosatha kumangapo kumanda.
Chidziwitso Chothandiza
Romagne-sous-Montfaucon
Tel: 00 33 (0) 3 29 85 14 18
Website
Manda amatsegulidwa tsiku ndi tsiku, 9pm. Atsekedwa Dec 25, Jan 1.
Malangizo The Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery ili kumbali ya mudzi wa Romagne-sous-Montfaucon (Meuse), mtunda wa makilomita 26 kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Verdun.
Ndi galimoto yochokera Verdun mutenge D603 ku Reims, ndiye D946 kupita ku Varennes-en-Argonne ndikutsatira zizindikiro za America Cemetery.
Pa sitimayi: Tengani TGV kapena sitima yamba ya ku Paris Est ndikusintha kaya Chalons-en-Champagne kapena Meuse TGV. Malingana ndi njira yomwe ulendowu umatenga mwina ola limodzi mphindi 40 kapena maola atatu osaposa. Mitengo ya taxi imapezeka ku Verdun.
Zambiri zamtunduwu
- Ulendo wa Verdun
- Ulendo Wotsatsa
- Lorraine Tourism
Zambiri za Nkhondo Yadziko I
- Zikondwerero za America za Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse ku France
- Nkhondo Yatsopano ya Padziko Lonse Ikumakumbukira ku France
- Chikumbutso kwa Wilfred Owen, ndakatulo ya nkhondo ya ku British
- Mtsinje wa Wellington ku Arras
- Mzinda wa Notre-Dame de Lorette Manda a ku Germany
- Nyumba Yachilengedwe Yadziko Lonse ku Meaux