Ngakhale adakhala ngati purezidenti kwa nthawi imodzi, Nelson Mandela adzakumbukiridwa kosatha monga mtsogoleri wotchuka kwambiri ku South Africa amene adayambapo. Iye ali mbali ya nsalu ya dziko - osati chifukwa chakuti iye anali pulezidenti wakuda wakuda, koma chifukwa adagwira ntchito mwakhama asanayambe ndi pambuyo pa chisankho chake kuti abweretse mtendere ndi kusiyana pakati pa mtundu wa dziko lomwe likuwoneka ngati mopanda tsankho logawidwa ndi azakhalikha.
Lero, akuwonekera mwachikondi ndi anthu a ku South Africa ndi dzina lake, Madiba. Chithunzi chake chikuwoneka pa ndalama za dziko, ndipo pali zikumbukiro za Nelson Mandela m'dziko lonselo. M'nkhaniyi, tikuyang'ana zomwe zinapangidwira moyo wa Madiba, ndi zochitika zomwe zikhoza kuwoneratu lero.
Transkei: Mandela akukhala kwawo
Nelson Mandela anabadwa pa July 18th 1918 m'mudzi wa Mvezo, m'chigawo cha Transkei ku South Africa. The Transkei idadzakhala yoyamba mwa midzi 10 yakuda yomwe inakhazikitsidwa pansi pa ulamuliro wa chigawenga, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri anthu ake adayenera kuwoloka malire kulowa South Africa. Masiku ano, dziko laling'ono la Xhosa likudziwika chifukwa cha zinthu ziwiri - kukongola kwake kwachilengedwe, kosaoneka bwino, komanso kudziwika ngati malo obadwira a Mandela ndi anthu ake ambiri (kuphatikizapo alangizi ena a Walter Sisulu, Chris Hani ndi Oliver Tambo ).
Mandela anapita kusukulu ku Qunu, kumpoto kwa Mvezo. Apa ndi pamene adapatsidwa dzina lake lachikhristu, Nelson - poyamba anali kudziwika ndi banja lake monga Rohlilahla, dzina lachi Xhosa limene limatanthauza "wosokoneza".
Lero, alendo ku Transkei safunikiranso kupereka mapepala awo a pasipoti - deralo linapitsidwanso kachiwiri ku South Africa pambuyo pa kugwa kwa chiwawa.
Pali zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwiri kwa anthu omwe akuyembekeza kutsata mapazi a Madiba - Museum of Nelson Mandela ku Mthatha, mzinda wa Transkei; ndi Nelson Mandela Youth & Heritage Center ku Qunu. Yoyamba ikupereka mwachidule moyo wonse wa pulezidenti, pogwiritsa ntchito buku lake, Long Walk to Freedom . Amaperekanso masewero osakhalitsa ndipo amasonyeza mphatso zomwe anapatsidwa kwa Mandela ndi zowunikira ku South Africa ndi padziko lonse panthawi yonse ya moyo wake. Qunu ikulingalira za ubwana wa Mandela, ali ndi chikhalidwe cholowa chomwe chimakutengerani ku zizindikiro ngati nyumba yake ya kusukulu komanso zotsalira za tchalitchi komwe adabatizidwa.
Johannesburg: Malo Obadwira a Mandela Wochita Zachilengedwe
Mu 1941, Nelson Mandela wachinyamata anafika ku Johannesburg, atachoka ku Transkei kuti apulumuke ukwati wokonzeka. Apa ndi pamene adatsiriza digiri yake ya BA, adayamba kuphunzitsa ngati loya ndipo adagwirizana ndi African National Congress (ANC). Mu 1944, adayambitsa bungwe la ANC Youth League ndi Oliver Tambo, amene adzalandira pulezidenti wa chipani. Mandela ndi Tambo adakhazikitsa bungwe loyamba la malamulo a black black ku South Africa kuno mu 1952. M'zaka zotsatira, ANC idakula kwambiri, ndipo Mandela ndi anzake adagwidwa kangapo, mpaka pomaliza mu 1964, iye ndi ena asanu ndi awiri anaweruzidwa kuikidwa m'ndende pambuyo pa Rivonia Trial.
Pali malo ambiri ku Johannesburg kuti adziwe zambiri zokhudza moyo wa Mandela mumzindawu. Malo anu oyambirira ayenera kukhala a Mandela House mumzinda wa Soweto, kumene Mandela ndi banja lake ankakhala kuyambira 1946 mpaka 1996. Ndipotu, Mandela anabwera kuno atangomasulidwa mu 1990. Tsopano ali ndi Soweto Heritage Trust, nyumbayo Zadzaza ndi Mandela memorabilia ndi zithunzi za moyo wake asanatumizedwe ku Robben Island. Liliesleaf Farm ndi woyendera maulendo a Mandela ku Johannesburg. Kumzinda wa Rivonia, famuyi inali malo obisika kwa olemba milandu a ANC m'ma 1960. Masiku ano, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imanena nkhani ya Mandela ndi ena omenyera ufulu, komanso kulimbana kwawo ndi boma lachigawenga.
Robben Island: Ndende ya Mandela kwa zaka 18
Pambuyo pa Rivonia Trial, Mandela adatumizidwa ku ndende ya ndale ku Robben Island , ku Table Bay ku Cape Bay.
Anakhala kuno kwa zaka 18 zotsatira, akugwira ntchito yanyumba yokakamiza mumphika masana ndikugona mu khungu kakang'ono usiku. Tsopano malo a UNESCO World Heritage Site , Robben Island sali ndende. Alendo angafufuze maselo ndi miyalayi Mandela anali kugwira ntchito ulendo wa hafu kuchokera ku Cape Town, motsogoleredwa ndi wogwidwa ukapolo yemwe adziwonera yekha momwe moyo ungakhalire ngati Mandela ndi ena omwe ali m'ndende muno . Zina zinaima paulendo zimapereka chidziwitso cha mbiriyakale ya zaka 500, kuphatikizapo nthawi yake ngati khate. Chosangalatsa, ndithudi, ndikumapita kukawona chipatala cha Mandela.
Ndende ya Victor Verster: Mapeto a Kumangidwa
Atatha kulimbana ndi kansa ya prostate ndi chifuwa chachikulu, Mandela anasamutsidwa kundende ya Pollsmoor ku Cape Town ndipo patapita miyezi ingapo anachipatala kuchipatala. Atatulutsidwa mu 1988, anasamutsidwa kundende ya Victor Verster, yomwe ili ku Cape Winelands. Anakhala m'miyezi 14 yomaliza ya zaka 27 zomwe anamangidwa m'ndende molimbikitsira, m'nyumba ya wodula m'malo mosungiramo chipinda. Kumayambiriro kwa February 1990, chiletso cha ANC chinachotsedwa pamene chisankho cha mtunduwu chinayamba kugwira ntchito. Pa February 9th, Nelson Mandela adamasulidwa - patadutsa zaka zinayi, adatsankhidwa kukhala demokalase wakuda wakuda wakuda. Pamsonkhanowu tsopano ndi Groot Drakenstein. Alendo amabwera kudzapereka ulemu ku chifaniziro chachikulu cha mkuwa wa Mandela, atakhazikitsidwa pamalo pomwe adatenga njira yake yoyamba ngati munthu womasuka.