Chiyambi cha Mzinda ndi Zofunika Kwambiri
Paris wakhala mzinda waukulu kwambiri komanso malo odziwa bwino nzeru ndi zojambula zaka mazana ambiri. Mizu ya mumzindawu ikufika ku zaka za zana lachitatu BC, ndipo zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe monga a Celtic, a Roma, a Scandinavia, ndi a Chingerezi amalowetsedwa ku cholowa cha mzindawo. Ndi mbiri yakale kwambiri komanso yovuta kufotokozera mwachidule, koma apa pali nkhani yochepa ya zochitika zazikulu ndi zowona.
Dongosolo lofunika ku Paris History:
- Zaka za zana lachitatu BC: Malo ozungulira Ile Ile de la Cité ndi mabomba okongola a Seine River amathetsedwa ndi fuko la Asodzi a ku Celtic, Parisii . Kukhazikitsidwa kumatchedwa Lutetia .
- 52 BC: Ufumu wa Roma pansi pa Julius Kaisara umagonjetsa mzindawo, umene umakhala mbali ya gawo la Aroma lotchedwa Gaul.
- Pakati pa 250 AD: Lutetia ndi chikhristu. Mipingo yoyamba yamangidwa.
- Zaka za 4th-9th: Kuukira kwa Frankish ndi Norman. Clovis Ine ndimalengeza ufumu wa Gaul ndipo ndimamutcha Lutetia Paris.
- 1163: Kumanga Katolika ku Notre Dame kumayambira. Zingatenge pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri ndi antchito mazana kuti akwaniritse mbambande iyi ya zomangamanga zoyambirira.
- Zaka za 12 ndi 13: Zinyumba zina zofunika ndi malo omwe amamangidwa, kuphatikizapo tchalitchi cha Sorbonne ndi Sainte-Chapelle . Madzi ( Marais ) ku banki yolondola ya Seine yatsekedwa ndipo mzindawo umadutsa kumpoto kwa Seine. Pafupifupi 1200, kumanga linga lophatikizapo Louvre kumayambika, kuzungulira mzinda wamkati.
- Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1400: Pafupifupi theka la anthu a ku Paris akuwonongedwa ndi mliri, womwe umadziŵikanso kuti Black Death, ukuthamangira ku Western Europe. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti mliriwu ukhoza kuchititsa kusoŵa kwa ntchito zomwe zinali zopindulitsa kwa anthu osauka, ndipo pamapeto pake pangakhale mapangidwe apamwamba, kapenanso gulu lachisawawa.
- 1449: Joan wa Arc ndi French akugonjetsa Chingerezi ku Orléans, kutha kwa zaka pafupifupi khumi za Norman English kulamulira France. A Chingerezi amachotsedwa ku France mu 1453.
- Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 15: Kubwezeretsedwa kwa thupi (kwenikweni, "kubadwanso") kumayambira ku Paris, kutembenuzira mzindawu kukhala malo opambana ojambula, sayansi, ndi zomangamanga. Kupititsa patsogolo zipangizo zamakono kumapangitsa kuti mzindawu ukhale wopopera.
- Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 16: Zipembedzo zamagazi pakati pa Aprotestanti ndi Akatolika zimapereka kuphedwa kwa Tsiku la St. Bartholomew. Ma Huguenots oposa 3000 apulotesitanti amawonongeka pa kupha anthu.
- 1643: Ali ndi zaka zisanu, Louis XIV, wotchedwanso Sun King, akukhala mfumu ya France. Ulamuliro wake umatchula nthawi ya chitukuko chachikulu-kuphatikizapo kutayika. Mfumuyo imamanga Versailles mu 1623, kuchoka pakati pa mphamvu kuchokera ku Palais Royal pakati pa Paris kupita kumidzi.
- 1774: Louis XVI akukwera kumpando wachifumu. Wodziwika ndi zovuta zake zandale komanso zachikhalidwe komanso kukongola kwake ndi mawotchi, adakwatiwa ndi Marie Antoinette, mwana wamkazi wachinyamata wa Austria, dzina lake Maria Theresa.
- July 14, 1789: Chinyumba cha Bastille ku Paris chinatenthedwa ndipo chinatenthedwa, ndipo chinayambitsa chiyambi cha French Revolution. Louis XVI ndi Marie Antoinette amatsutsidwa kuti ndi osowa kwambiri ndipo alibe chidwi ndi mavuto a anthu.
- 1792: Kugwa kwa ufumuwu ndi kulengeza kwa republic yoyamba ya France. Mu 1793, Louis XVI ndi Marie Antoinette akulembedweratu.
- 1793-1799: Kutembenuka mtima "ulamuliro wa mantha" kumabweretsa zikwi zambiri za kuphedwa ndi chisokonezo chachikulu, ndipo Paris ndilo pakati pake. Chipembedzo chaletsedwa ndipo kalendala yatsopano imakhazikitsidwa.
- 1799: Wachiwiri wotsutsa boma dzina lake Napoleon Bonaparte akulimbitsa boma losalamulirika. Iye akukhala Mfumu mu 1804. Kupititsa patsogolo kwake kumapanga hiatus ku nkhondo ya France ku Republic-izi zikuyimiridwa bwino ndi Napoleon akusamukira ku mpando wachifumu wa mphamvu ku Versailles. Kukoma kwake kwa Emperor kwa mphamvu ndi kugonjetsa kumayambitsa chipolowe chachikulu cha ku North Africa. Iye wagonjetsedwa ku Waterloo mu 1815.
- Zaka za m'ma 1900: Paris yomwe idakalipobe lero ikupangidwa ndi Baron Haussmann, motsogoleredwa ndi Emperor Napoleon III. Mtsinje wamakono ndi malo osungira madzi osungira malo amalowetsa malo ambiri ochepa, ocheperapo nthawi ndi nthawi ya Renaissance-m'misewu ya mzindawo.
- 1870: Pambuyo pa nkhondo yoopsya ndi a Prussians, Republic Republic yachitatu imalengezedwa, kuwonetsa chiyambi cha maboma a demokarasi ku France. The Belle Epoque imatsegula, nthawi ina yamakono komanso yachitukuko mu mbiri ya Paris. Zojambulajambula za Art nouveau ndi kayendedwe ka zojambulajambula monga impressionism zimatengera dziko lapansi mkuntho.
- 1920 ndi m'ma 1930: Paris ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri padziko lonse zojambula ndi zojambula. Salvador Dali, Pablo Picasso, ndi "Osabala Onse" olemba Chingerezi monga Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce, James Baldwin, Gertrude Stein, ndi Ezra Pound akupanga Paris nyumba yawo.
- 1940: Dziko la Germany la Nazi likulowa m'tauni ya Paris ndi maulendo ku Champs-Elysées . Ntchito yazaka zinayi ikuyamba. General Charles de Gaulle akuthawira ku London ndipo amatsogolera gulu linalake, kutumiza mauthenga kuti amenyane ndi ailesi ya British.
- 1942: Boma la mgwirizanowu wa Paris limathandiza kuti bungwe lalikulu la Ayuda a ku France lichotsedwe ku ndende zozunzirako anthu za chipani cha Nazi, n'kuyamba kuwasonkhanitsa ku Velodrome d'Hiver pafupi ndi Eiffel Tower .
- 1944: Paris imamasulidwa ndi mabungwe a Allied. Mzindawu umatha kupulumuka chiwonongeko cha chipani cha Nazi pamene wapolisi wina amakana kumvera malamulo a Hitler.