Poyambirira kuzipembedza kwa Shia Islam, mzikiti wa al-Azhar ndi wakale monga Cairo palokha. Anatumidwa mu 970 ndi Fatimid Caliph al-Mu'izz, ndipo inali yoyamba mumasikiti ambiri a mumzindawo. Monga chikumbutso chakale kwambiri cha Fatimid ku Igupto, chofunikira chake chakale ndi chosatheka. Ikudziŵikanso padziko lonse ngati malo a maphunziro a Chisilamu ndipo ndi ofanana ndi yunivesite ya al Azzar yokhudzidwa kwambiri.
Mbiri ya Mosque
Mu 969, dziko la Aigupto linagonjetsedwa ndi General Jawhar as-Siqili, motsogozedwa ndi Fatimid Caliph al-Mu'izz. Al-Mu'izz adakondwerera maiko ake atsopano pomanga mzinda womwe dzina lake limatanthauzidwa kuti "Kupambana kwa al-Mu'izz". Tsiku lina mzindawu udzadziwika kuti Cairo. Patapita chaka, al-Mu'izz adalamula kumanga mzikiti woyamba wa mzindawo - al-Azhar. Atatha zaka ziwiri zokha, mzikiti unayamba kutsegulira mapemphero mu 972.
M'Chiarabu, dzina lakuti Al-Azhar limatanthauza "Msikiti wa olemekezeka kwambiri". Nthano imanena kuti ndakatulo iyi siimatsutsana ndi kukongola kwa mzikiti, koma kwa Fatimah, mwana wa Mneneri Muhammadi. Fatimah ankadziwika ndi epithet "az-Zahra," kutanthauza kuti "kuwala kapena kolemekezeka". Ngakhale chiphunzitso ichi sichikutsimikiziridwa, ndizomveka - Caliph al-Mu'izz adanena kuti Fatimah ndi mmodzi mwa makolo ake. A
Mu 989, mzikiti unasankha ophunzira 35, omwe adakhala pafupi ndi malo awo atsopano.
Cholinga chawo chinali kufalitsa ziphunzitso za Shiya, ndipo patapita nthawi, mzikiti unayamba kukhala yunivesite yambiri. Zodziwika mu Ufumu wa Chisilamu, ophunzira adayenda kuchokera kumayiko onse kukaphunzira ku Al Azhar. Lero, ndilo lachiwiri loyendetsa ntchito yunivesite yadziko lonse ndikukhalabe limodzi mwa malo opambana a maphunziro a Chisilamu.
Mosque lero
Msikiti unapeza udindo wake ngati yunivesite yodziimira mu 1961, ndipo tsopano ikuphunzitsa maphunziro amasiku ano kuphatikizapo mankhwala ndi sayansi pamodzi ndi maphunziro a chipembedzo. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti ngakhale kuti Fatimid Caliphate yapachiyambi inamanga Al-Azhar monga malo opembedza a Shiya, yakhala yofunikira kwambiri padziko lonse pa zaumulungu ndi lamulo la Sunni. Mipingo tsopano imaphunzitsidwa mu zomangamanga zomangidwa kuzungulira mzikiti, ndikusiya Al Azhar yekha kuti asapemphereke.
Pakati pa zaka chikwi zapitazi, Al Azhar adawona kuchulukitsa, kukonzanso, ndi kubwezeretsa. Zotsatira zake lero ndi zojambula bwino zojambula zosiyana zomwe zimasonyezeratu kusinthika kwa zomangamanga ku Egypt. Zambiri mwazitukuko zokhudzana ndi dziko lapansi zasiya mzikiti. Ma minarets asanu omwe alipo, mwachitsanzo, ndiwo maulendo a ma Dynasties osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo a Mamluk Sultanate ndi Ufumu wa Ottoman.
Mtengo wapachiyambi wapita, zomwe zidachitika pamodzi ndi zomangamanga zambiri za mzikiti kupatulapo zokhazokha ndi zokongola za stuko zokongola. Lero, msikiti uli ndi zolowera zosachepera sikisi. Alendo amalowa kudzera ku Barber's Gate, yomwe imatchedwa kuwonjezera pa zaka za zana la 18 chifukwa ophunzira anali ameta nsalu pansi pa malo ake.
Chipata chimatsegulira ku bwalo la mabulosi oyera, lomwe ndi limodzi mwa mbali zakale kwambiri za mzikiti.
Kuchokera pabwalo, ma minarets atatu a mzikiti amaonekera. Izi zinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1400, 1500 ndi 1600. Alendo amaloledwa kulowa ku nyumba yopempherera yomwe ili pafupi, yomwe ili ndi mirab yabwino kwambiri, yomwe imakhala yokhazikika pamakoma a mzikiti kuti iwonetsere ku Makka. Mzikiti zambiri zatsekedwa kwa alendo, kuphatikizapo laibulale yapamwamba kwambiri, yomwe imakhala ndi mabuku ochuluka kuyambira m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi.
Chidziwitso Chothandiza
Moshi wa Al Azhar uli pamtima wa Islamic Cairo, m'chigawo cha El-Darb El-Ahmar. Kuloledwa kuli mfulu, ndipo mzikiti umakhalabe wotseguka tsiku lonse. Ndikofunika kulemekeza nthawi zonse mumsasa.
Akazi ayenera kuvala zovala zomwe zimaphimba manja awo ndi miyendo, ndipo amafunika kuvala chophimba kapena chophimba pamutu pawo. Alendo a amuna ndi akazi onse ayenera kuchotsa nsapato zawo asanalowe. Yembekezerani kuti mukambirane amuna omwe akusamalira nsapato zanu pobwerera.
NB: Chonde dziwani kuti mfundo zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi zinali zolondola panthaŵi yomwe analemba, koma izi zikusintha nthawi iliyonse.