Ndi dzina lomwe limaphatikizapo ukulu wonse wa kale wakale wa Aigupto, Chigwa cha mafumu ndi chimodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri okaona malo. Lili kumbali ya kumadzulo kwa mtsinje wa Nile, molunjika kuwoloka mtsinje kuchokera ku mzinda wakale wa Thebes (womwe tsopano umatchedwa Luxor). Chikhalidwe, chigwacho sichiri chosatheka; koma pansi pa nthaka yake yopanda madzi mumakhala manda oposa 60 odulidwa, omwe anapangidwa pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1600 ndi 11 BC BC kuti azimangire mafaraa a New Kingdom.
Chigwacho chili ndi zida ziwiri zosiyana - West Valley ndi East Valley. Ambiri a manda ali kumapeto kwa mkono. Ngakhale kuti pafupifupi onsewo anafunkhidwa kale, miyala yamakono ndi hieroglyphs yomwe imakhudza makoma a manda amasiye imapereka chidziwitso chofunika kwambiri pa miyambo ndi zikhulupiriro za Aigupto Akale.
Chigwa cha Kale
Pambuyo pa zaka zophunzira zambiri, akatswiri ambiri a mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti Chigwa cha Mafumu chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo a kuikidwa m'manda kuyambira 1539 BC kufikira 1075 BC - zaka pafupifupi 500. Manda oyamba omwe anajambulidwa apa anali a pharao Thutmose I, pamene manda achifumu otsiriza akuganiziridwa kukhala a Ramesses XI. Sitikukayikira chifukwa chomwe Thutmose ndinasankha chigwa ngati malo a necropolis yake yatsopano. Akatswiri ena a ku Egypt amati akuuziridwa ndi al-Qurn, chiwerengero chomwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi chopatulika kwa azimayi a Hathor ndi a Meretseger, omwe mawonekedwe ake amatsutsana ndi mapiramidi a Old Kingdom.
Chigwa chakutalicho chiyenera kuti chinapangitsa kuti chikhale chosavuta, kuti chikhale chosavuta kusamalira manda otsutsa omwe angakhale othawa.
Ngakhale kuti dzina lake linali Chigwa cha Mafumu sankakhala ndi maharahara okha. Ndipotu, manda ake ambiri anali olemekezeka komanso a m'banja lachifumu (ngakhale akazi a aharahara akanaikidwa m'mphepete mwa chigwa cha Queens pambuyo pa kumangako kumayambiriro 1301 BC).
Mame m'mitsinje yonse iwiriyi ingamangidwe ndi kukongoletsedwa ndi antchito aluso okhala mumudzi wapafupi wa Deir el-Medina. Uku kunali kukongola kwa zokongoletsa izi kuti manda akhala akuyang'ana zokopa kwa zaka zikwi zambiri. Zolembedwa zomwe Agiriki Achigiriki ndi Aroma anaziwona zikhoza kuoneka m'manda ambiri, makamaka a Ramesses VI (KV9) omwe ali ndi zoposa 1,000 zitsanzo za graffiti zakale.
Mbiri Yakale
Posachedwa, manda akhala akuyang'ana kufufuza ndi kufufuza kwakukulu. M'zaka za zana la 18, Napoleon adalemba mapu a mapiri a Valley la Kings ndi manda ake osiyanasiyana. Ofufuza anapitiriza kufotokoza manda atsopano m'zaka za zana la 19, mpaka woyang'anira wa ku America dzina lake Theodore M. Davis adalengeza kuti malowa anafukula mokwanira mu 1912. Komabe, atatsimikiziridwa molakwika mu 1922, komabe, pamene wofukula mabwinja wa Britain Howard Carter anatsogolera ulendo womwe unaphimba manda a Tutankhamun . Ngakhale kuti Tutankhamun mwiniwake anali pharao wamng'ono, chuma chodabwitsa chomwe chinapezeka m'manda mwake chinapanga ichi mwa zinthu zofukulidwa kwambiri zofukulidwa m'mabwinja nthawi zonse.
Chigwa cha Mafumu chinakhazikitsidwa monga malo a UNESCO World Heritage Site mu 1979 pamodzi ndi ena onse a Theban Necropolis, ndipo akupitirirabe kukhala chiyambi cha kufufuza kwapakale.
Zimene muyenera kuwona & kuchita
Masiku ano, manda okwana 18 okha a mtsinje akhoza kuyendera ndi anthu, ndipo kawirikawiri amatseguka panthawi yomweyo. M'malo mwake, akuluakulu a boma amayendetsa malo omwe ali otseguka kuti ayese ndi kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa kuyendayenda kwaumphawi (kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide, mpikisano ndi chinyezi). M'manda angapo, mitsempha imatetezedwa ndi dehumidifiers ndi magalasi a galasi; pamene ena tsopano ali ndi zida zamagetsi.
Pa manda onse m'chigwa cha mafumu, otchuka kwambiri akadali a Tutankhamun (KV62). Ngakhale kuti ndi yaing'ono ndipo kuyambira kale chuma chake chimachotsedwa, chimakhala ndi mayi wamwamuna wa mfumu, atakulungidwa ndi matabwa a mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Zowonjezera zina zikuphatikizapo manda a Ramesses VI (KV9) ndi Tuthmose III (KV34). Yakale ndi imodzi mwa manda akuluakulu komanso opambana kwambiri, ndipo imatchuka chifukwa cha zokongoletsera zomwe zimatchulidwa mu Buku la Caverns.
Yachiwiri ndiyo manda akale kwambiri otseguka kwa alendo, ndipo imayambira pafupifupi 1450 BC. Zojambulajambulazi zikuimira osachepera 741 a Aiguputo, pomwe mandawo akuphatikizapo sarcophagus yokongola yopangidwa ndi quartzite yofiira.
Onetsetsani kuti mupange ulendo wopita ku Museum Museum ku Cairo kuti mukaone chuma chomwe chachotsedwa kuchigwa cha mafumu kuti chiteteze. Izi zimaphatikizapo ambiri am'mimba, ndi chigoba chagolide chakufa cha Tutankhamun. Tawonani kuti zinthu zambiri kuchokera ku cache yamtengo wapatali ya Tutankhamun posachedwapa zasamukira ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zazikulu za ku Egypt pafupi ndi Girasi ya Pyramidid - kuphatikizapo galeta lake lodziwika bwino.
Mmene Mungayendere
Pali njira zingapo zoyendera Chigwa cha Mafumu. Oyenda okhaokha amatha kukonza galimoto kuchokera ku Luxor kapena ku West Bank zowonongedwa kuti akawatsogolere ku malo a West Bank, kuphatikizapo Valley la Kings, Chigwa cha Queens ndi Deir al-Bahri. Ngati mukumva bwino, kukwera njinga ndi njira ina yotchuka - koma dziwani kuti msewu wopita ku Chigwa cha Mafumu ndi wambiri, wowotentha komanso wotentha. N'zotheka kupita ku Chigwa cha Mafumu kuchokera ku Deir al-Bahri kapena Deir el-Medina, njira yochepa koma yovuta yomwe imapanga malingaliro odabwitsa a Theban landscape.
Mwina njira yosavuta yochezera ndi imodzi mwa maulendo ambirimbiri ozungulira kapena ausu-day omwe amalengezedwa ku Luxor. Memphis Maulendo amapereka maulendo okwana maola anayi kupita ku Chigwa cha Mafumu, Collossi wa Memnon ndi Hatshepsut Tempile, ndi mitengo yomwe imakhala ndi maulendo okwera ndege, olemba Chingelezi olankhula Chingerezi, ndalama zanu zonse zolowera ndi madzi. Egypt Travel Guide Advice Tours amapereka maola asanu ndi atatu omwe amaphatikizapo zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi chakudya chamasana ku lesitilanti yowonerako komanso kuyendera zina ku Karnak ndi ku Luxor.
Chidziwitso Chothandiza
Yambani ulendo wanu ku Bwalo la Alendo, kumene chithunzi cha chigwacho ndi filimu yokhudzana ndi zomwe Carter anapeza ku manda a Tutankhamun akupereka mwachidule zomwe ayenera kuyembekezera m'manda. Pali sitimayi yaing'ono yamagetsi pakati pa alendo oyang'anira malo ndi manda, zomwe zimakupulumutsani kuyenda kutentha komanso kufumbi kuti mupeze ndalama zochepa. Dziwani kuti mumthunzi mulibe mthunzi, ndipo kutentha kumatha kutentha (makamaka m'chilimwe). Onetsetsani kuti muzivala bwino komanso mutenge madzi ambiri. Palibe chifukwa chobweretsa kamera ngati kujambula sikuletsedwa - koma nyali ingakuthandizeni kuti muwone bwino mkati mwa manda osatsegulidwa.
Matikiti amagulidwa pa EGP 80 pa munthu aliyense, ndi malipiro ovomerezeka a EGP 40 kwa ophunzira. Izi zikuphatikizapo kulowa ku manda atatu (zilizonse zotseguka tsiku). Mudzafuna tikiti yapadera kuti mudzachezere manda otseguka a West Valley, KV23, omwe anali a pharao Ay. Mofananamo, manda a Tutankhamun sali m'gulu la mtengo wokhazikika. Mukhoza kugula tikiti pa manda ake kwa 100 EGP pa munthu, kapena 50 EGP pa wophunzira. M'mbuyomu, alendo okwana 5,000 ankayendera Chigwa cha Mafumu tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo maulendo angapo anali mbali ya zomwe zinamuchitikira. Komabe, kusakhazikika kwaposachedwa ku Egypt kwakhala kovuta kwambiri pa zokopa alendo ndipo manda sangakhale ochepa kwambiri chifukwa cha zotsatira zake.