Mu chikhalidwe cha Chirasha , mayina ndi ntchito yaikulu. Ndipo, ndi izo, zolemetsa. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za maina a mayina, zingathandize kudziwa momwe anthu a ku Russia amatchulira ana awo m'zaka zamakono.
Misonkhano Yachilankhulo ya ku Russia
Anthu ambiri a ku Russia ali ndi mayina atatu: dzina loyamba, patronymic, ndi dzina lachibwana. Dzina loyamba ndi dzina lachibwana (dzina lomaliza) ndilofotokozera. Zomwezo ndizofanana ndi miyambo ya chikhalidwe cha ku America.
Kusiyanitsa ndiko kuti mmalo mwa dzina lapakati , mwanayo amatenga dzina kutchula dzina la atate wake monga dzina lawo "pakati".
Yang'anani dzina lonse la wolemba wotchuka wa ku Russian Leo Tolstoy yemwe analemba "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere": Dzina lake lonse linali Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy. Dzina lake loyamba linali Lev. Dzina lake lachinsinsi (kapena pakati) ndi Nikolayevhich. Ndipo, dzina lake lomaliza linali Tolstoy. Dzina la abambo ake linali Nikolai, motero dzina la pakati la Nikolayevich.
Maina a mayina
Maina achi Russia, kapena diminutives, ndi mawonekedwe ochepa chabe a dzina lopatsidwa. Mosiyana ndi mafomu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakhalidwe apadera, mitundu yochepa ya dzina imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyankhulana pakati pa anthu abwino, makamaka achibale, abwenzi, ndi anzako. Mafomu afupipafupi amapezeka m'chinenero cholankhulidwa mosavuta monga maina ambiri ovomerezeka ali ovuta.
"Sasha" nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa dzina la munthu yemwe dzina lake ndi Alexander (mwamuna) kapena Alexandra (wamkazi).
Ngakhale dzina loyitana monga "Sasha" silingatanthauze chirichonse kupatula kudziwa, zina zowonjezera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachikondi. Alexandra akhoza kutchedwa "Sashenka," kutanthauza "Sasha wamng'ono," ndi makolo ake.
Monga momwe tawonera kale, ponena za Leo Tolstoy, njira zochepa za dzina lake zikhoza kukhala "Leva", "Lyova," kapena mobwerezabwereza, "Lyovushka," yomwe ili dzina lachikondi.
Tolstoy ankatchedwa Leo m'Chingelezi chifukwa chomasulira dzina lake lachirasha ku Chingerezi. Mu Russian Lev, amatanthauza "mkango." M'Chingelezi, kumasuliridwa kwa Leo kunavomerezedwa kwa wolembayo pamene akuvomereza malemba ake kuti afalitsidwe kwa anthu a Chichewa kuyambira Leo amamveka mu Chingerezi kutanthauza "mkango."
Chitsanzo cha Mayina a Dzina lachikazi "Maria"
Maria ndi dzina lofala kwambiri la Chirasha. Onaninso njira zambiri zomwe mumamva kapena kuona dzina likugwiritsidwa ntchito komanso m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
| Maria | Dzina lonse, maofesi, ubale weniweni, anthu osadziwika |
|---|---|
| Masha | Fomu yochepa, osalowerera ndale komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito pazowonongeka |
| Mashenka | Maonekedwe achikondi |
| Mashunechka Mashunya Marusya | Machitidwe apamtima, okoma |
| Mashka | Vulgar, zopanda pake pokhapokha atagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa banja, pakati pa ana, kapena abwenzi |
Zitsanzo zina zakutchulidwa
Kuti agwiritse ntchito chitsanzo chopezeka m'mabuku a Russian, m'Chiwawa ndi Chilango cha Fyodor Dostoyevsky, dzina lake Rodion, dzina lake Raskolnikov, limapezeka m'mafomu otsatirawa: Rodya, Rodenka, ndi Rodka. Mchemwali wake, Avdotya, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "Dunya" ndi "Dunechka" mu buku lonselo.
Mayina ena achizoloŵezi achi Russia ndi ofunika:
- Dima (kwa Dmitri)
- Misha (kwa Mikhail)
- Vova (ya Vladimir)
Diminutives for Common Nouns
Diminutives angachoke ku mayina wamba, nawonso. Mawu akuti mamochka, kuchepa kwa amayi , angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mwana wamwamuna kapena wamkazi yemwe akufuna kusonyeza kukoma kwa amayi ndi kukonda kwake. Sobachka , chochepa kuchokera ku mawu akuti sobaka (galu), amasonyeza kudula kwa galu ndi kuchepa kwake. Olankhula Chingelezi angagwiritse ntchito "doggy" kutanthauzira tanthauzo lomwelo.