01 ya 06
Mission San Juan Bautista
Mission San Juan Bautista inali ya khumi ndi zisanu ndi imodzi yomwe inamangidwa ku California, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pa June 24, 1797, ndi Bambo Fermin Lasuen . Dzina lakuti San Juan Bautista limatanthauza St. John M'batizi.
Mfundo Zochititsa chidwi za Mission Mission San Juan Bautista
Mission San Juan Bautista inali mpingo waukulu kwambiri wa mission ku California. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 1812. Ntchitoyi ili pambali pa San Andreas Fault ndipo inapezeka mu filimu ya Alfred Hitchcock ya Vertigo .
Msonkhano wa San Juan Bautista
1797 - Ntchito ya San Juan Bautista inakhazikitsidwa
1800 - Kudumpha kwa chivomezi
1803 - Mpingo watsopano unayamba
1805 - Chimwenye ndi 1,100
1808 - Bambo Cuesta akufika
1812 - Mpingo watsopano watsirizidwa
1812 - Bambo Tapis akufika
1823 - Anthu ndi 1,250
1835 - Kusungulumwa
1849 - California Gold Rush
1860 - California statehood
1863 - Amishonale anabwerera ku mpingo wa KatolikaKodi Mission San Juan Bautista Ali Kuti?
Adilesi yaumishonale ndi 2 ndi Mariposa Street ku San Juan Bautista, CA. Pitani ku Webusaiti ya Mission chifukwa cha maola ano.
San Juan Bautista Mission ndi mbali ya State Historic Park. Zili pafupi ndi malo osungirako mapepala kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1800 zomwe zikuphatikizapo hotelo, malo ogona ndi awiri a adobe, nyumba zonse zapachiyambi zoposa zaka 100. Kuti mumve zambiri za San Juan Bautista State Historic Park yang'anani webusaiti yawo.
02 a 06
Mbiri ya Mission Mission San Juan Bautista: 1797 mpaka 1827
Mu 1797, Bambo Junipero Serra anatsogolera ulendo wa Roma Katolika kuti abweretse Chikhristu ku chipululu ku California. Kwa malowa, iye ndi a Franciscans adasankha malo pamunsi mwa mapiri a Gavilan pafupi ndi El Camino Real, omwe adatcha San Juan Bautista Mission pambuyo pa Yohane Woyera wa Baptisti. Malowa adasankhidwa chifukwa adalonjeza "kukolola kwakukulu kwa mizimu" mumtsinje wa San Juan. Kumapeto kwa kasupe, anthu a ku Spain a Corporal Juan Ballesteros pamodzi ndi amuna asanu anabwera, ndipo mwezi umodzi anamanga chipinda, nyumba zawo ndi Padres, ndi granary.
Ndiye, masiku khumi ndi atatu okha atatha kupatulira ntchito ya San Jose, Bambo Lasuen anafika ku msonkhano wa San Juan Bautista Loweruka pa June 24, 1797.
Zaka Zakale ku San Juan Bautista Mission
Ubatizo woyamba ku San Juan Bautista anali mwana wa ku India pafupi ndi zaka khumi, ndi Corporal Ballesteros ngati wothandizira. Kubatizidwa koyera koyamba kunali mwana wamwamuna wa mchimwene ndi maliro oyambirira, mu September, anali mwana wake wamwamuna.
Abambo Jose Manuel de Martiarena ndi Pedro Martinez, omwe amayang'anira ntchito yomangamanga, adapeza kuti anthu amtunduwu ndi ofunika komanso ogwirizana ndipo San Juan Bautista Mission inakula mwamsanga. Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira inali yotanganidwa, ndipo mwa Khrisimasi, adamanga tchalitchi cha adobe, nyumba ya amonke, granari, nyumba, malo osungira nyumba ndi nyumba za adobe kwa neophytes. Pofika m'chaka cha 1800, Amwenye oposa 500 ankakhala ku San Juan Bautista.
Chivomezi cha 1800 ku San Juan Bautista Mission
Pamene San Juan Bautista Mission inakhazikitsidwa, palibe amene adadziwa kuti inali pamwamba pa San Andreas Fault. Komabe, posakhalitsa anaphunzira za zolakwazo ndi zivomezi zake zamkati. Mu October 1798, kunjenjemera kunali koopsa kwambiri moti amishonalewo anagona kunja kwa mwezi wonsewo. Panali masentimita 6 m'tsiku limodzi, kupanga ming'alu yayikuru m'nyumba ndi pansi.
Cholakwikacho chinachititsa zivomezi zambiri zovulaza m'mbiri yakale, koma ntchito ya San Juan Bautista sanasunthe. Chivomezi choyamba chodziwika chimachitika mu October 1800, kuwonongeka kwakukulu, ndipo gawo la nyumba yoyamba idagwa.
San Juan Bautista Mission 1800-1820
Amwenye anapitiriza kuwonjezeka, ndipo pofika 1803 panali mipingo yomanga tchalitchi china. Anthu ochokera m'madera onse a chigawochi anaitanidwa ku mwambo wapadera umene unamanganso ntchitoyi. Tchalitchi chatsopano cha San Juan Bautista sichinamalize mpaka 1812.
Mu 1808, padre yatsopano, Bambo Arroyo de la Cuesta, adafika. Bambo Cuesta anali wolimbika komanso wokondwa, ndipo adawatsimikizira omanga kuti mpingo wawukulu wokhala ndi maaves atatu ukhoza kukhala chinthu chosavuta pano. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya Bambo Cuesta, idali mpingo waukulu kwambiri m'chigawochi ndi mtundu umodzi wokha umene anamangidwa ndi a Franciscans ku California.
Pamene mpingo udakula, mpingo udakonzedwa kuti ukhale wochepa. Mu 1805, chiwerengero chawo chinali 1,100, koma pofika 1812 chinachepetsedwa kukhala osachepera theka chifukwa cha imfa ndi zofuna. Malo atsopanowa anali ochepa kwambiri m'mipingo ing'onoing'ono, ndipo Bambo de la Cuesta anaphimba mitsinje iwiri yomwe inasiyanitsa nayi zitatu za tchalitchi.
Mu 1812, Bambo Tapis adachoka ku ofesi ya Presidente ndikugwirizana ndi bambo de la Cuesta. Ziphunzitso zinapitilira pansi pa Bambo Tapis kuyambira 1812 mpaka 1825.
San Juan Bautista Mission 1820s - 1830s
M'chaka cha 1824, anthu a mumzinda wa San Juan Bautista anakhalanso ndi anthu, ndipo anthu ankanyamuka kuchoka ku Tulare Valley, mwina chifukwa cha maulendo achiwawa kupita kumadera akumidzi. Anthuwa anafika mu 1823, ali ndi anthu 641 ndi akazi 607. Nyumba za amwenye zokwana makumi awiri ndi ziwiri zinamangidwa m'chaka chimenecho, ndipo panali malipoti a adobe corrals, granary, uvuni, ndi zipinda zoweta kubwezeretsedwa ndi antchito akuluakulu atsopano.
Mu 1827, lipoti linalembedwa kwa bwanamkubwa adatchula ziweto za San Juan Bautista ndi malo a rancho, kutchula ziweto zomwe zinkaphatikizapo ng'ombe 6,500, akavalo 750, ma mules 37, nkhosa. Panalibe ulimi wothirira, koma malo odyetserako ziweto anali kuthiridwa ndi mtsinje wa Pajaro. Ali ndi matabwa abwino ochokera kumapiri kupita kumpoto chakum'mawa. Kuchokera ku mapiri a Gavilan kunayamba kuthamangitsa minda, minda ya mpesa, ndi minda ya chimanga.
Mu 1833, a ku Zacatecan a Franciscans ochokera ku Mexico adatenga.
03 a 06
Mbiri ya Mission Mission San Juan Bautista: 1827 mpaka Lero Lero
Kusamalidwa
Nthawi ya Zacatecan inatha zaka ziwiri. Dziko la Mexico litadalitsidwa kuchokera ku Spain, silinathe kupitiriza ntchito monga momwe Spain inachitira, ndipo mu 1834, Mexico inaganiza zothetsa dongosolo ndikugulitsa malo onsewa. Mu 1835, pansi pa chiwonetsero chachipembedzo, San Juan Bautista Mission inachepetsedwa kuti ikhale yosamalitsa kalasi yachiwiri, pansi pa woyang'anira boma, ndi katundu wake wogulitsidwa.
Mbiri yakale pambuyo pochita zachinyengo ndizosangalatsa kuposa zina mwazochita zina. Anthuwo anapitirizabe kuthandiza mpingo, ndipo ntchito zakhala zikuchitika pano popanda kusokonezeka.
Pambuyo pachitetezo, San Juan Bautista anakhala pueblo. Nyumba yaumishonaleyo inalembedwa mu 1845 ndi mchimwene wa Pio Pico, Andres, yemwe adalemba pa nyumba ya parishi ya zipinda 16 zopangidwa ndi adobe ndi matabwa a njerwa ndi dothi lopangira matabwa. Munda wa kumpoto kwa zovuta komanso munda wa zipatso 875 unali kuzungulira ndi khoma lopangidwa ndi mafupa akale. Munda wamphesa wotsalawu unalibe mipesa 1,200. Nthaka yonse panthawiyo inali ya varasita 7,500 lalikulu. Kumalo ochepa a azungu anakulira ku pueblo, ndipo padali anthu pafupifupi 50 m'tawuni ya San Juan kumapeto kwa 1839.
Pafupifupi zaka 30 mutatha kulamulira dziko, amishonalewo anabwezeretsedwa ku Tchalitchi cha Katolika. Pamene mutuwo unabwezeretsedwa ku tchalitchi, malo ake anali 55.13 acres.
San Juan Bautista Mission m'zaka za m'ma 1900
Lero pali nyumba zamakono kumbuyo kwa munda. Chipinda chakale cha amonke, ndi mabwalo ake omwe akuyang'anizana ndi malo okhawo a Spain omwe amakhala ku California, amakhala ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Zitsulo zobisika zachititsa chitetezo chitetezo, khoma la belu lakwaniritsidwa, ndipo mipiringidzo yam'mbali imabwezeretsedwa. Utumiki wa tchalitchi ukuchitidwa sabata iliyonse.
San Juan Bautista Mission ikuwonetsedwa mu filimu ya Alfred Hitchcock ya Vertigo . Ojambula a kanema akhoza kuona kuti belu nsanja, yomwe ili ndi zochitika ziwiri zochititsa chidwi mufilimuyo, palibe.
04 ya 06
Zithunzi za Mission San Juan Bautista
Chithunzi cha Mission San Juan Bautista pamwambapa chikuwonetsa ng'ombe zake. Zinachokera ku zitsanzo zomwe zinawonetsedwa ku Mission San Francisco Solano ndi Mission San Antonio. Ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zamtunduwu zomwe zimaphatikizapo chilembo "A" mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma sitinathe kudziwa chiyambi chake.
05 ya 06
Msonkhano wa San Juan Bautista, Mapulani, Nyumba ndi Maziko
Ntchito yomanga nyumbayi idayambika mu June 1803, ndipo tchalitchi chomalizidwacho chinaperekedwa pa June 23, 1812. Mu 1818, Thomas Doak, woyendetsa sitima ya ku America yemwe ankagwira ntchito yokhala ndi chipinda chokwanira, analembera kuti azijambula zithunzi zojambulajambula zokhala ndi zithunzi zisanu ndi chimodzi kutsogolo kwa tchalitchi. Ena amati Doak ndiye nzika yoyamba ya US kuti akhalitse ku Spanish California. Guwa lansembe likujambula, zokongoletsera khoma, zamtengo wapatali wa mchenga, zonse zoyambirira.
San Juan Bautista ndi mpingo waukulu ku mission ku California mamita 188 kutalika, mamita 72 ndi mamita makumi asanu. Zimapangidwa ndi adobe njerwa zitatu mamita, ndi denga wofiira ndi denga. Makoma ake ali olemera mamita atatu ndi chithandizo cha simenti, ndipo cloister yake ndi yaitali mamita 230.
Tchalitchi choyambirira cha bambo Cuesta chimafuna mipando itatu ndi mphamvu zoposa 1,000. Komabe, ndondomekoyi inasinthidwa panthawi yomanga, mwina chifukwa cha zodetsa nkhawa za zivomezi kapena chifukwa chiwerengero cha anthu a ku India sichimafuna nyumba yaikulu.
Pakatikati mwa zitseko zowonongeka zazikulu, pamtunda wofiira wakale mumatha kuona zojambula zanyama za zaka 180, mwinamwake zatsala ndi ziweto zina zowonongeka. Fufuzani chitseko chachitsulo mumodzi mwa zitseko zam'mbali, kuchoka pa nthawi yomwe amphaka amakhala ndi mbewa kutali.
Mu 1906, chivomerezi chinachitika ku San Juan Bautista. Icho chinasokoneza makoma a mbali za tchalitchi ndi zina zapangidwe. Chivomezi chitatha, ntchitoyo inamangidwanso ndi kulimbikitsidwa ndi konkire. Mutu wa Hearst unalipira kubwezeretsedwa mu 1949
Poyambirira, mabelu anagwedezeka kuchokera pamtandanda wamatabwa m'bwalo, ndipo mpingo unalibe nsanja. Nyumba yomanga nyumba inawonjezeka m'zaka za m'ma 1860, ndipo inakonzedwa mobwerezabwereza mu konkire. Nsanjayo inapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzungulira mabelu a tchalitchi bwino mu nyengo iliyonse, koma idachotsedwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950. M'chaka cha 1976 malo ogwirira ntchito, kapena khoma la belu, anamangidwanso (kapena mwinamwake kumangidwanso) mu machitidwe ena. Poyamba, mabelu asanu ndi anayi adayikidwa panja kunja kwa tchalitchi, koma atatu okhawo amakhala.
06 ya 06
Thupi la San Juan Bautista Barrel
Chiwalo chogwiritsidwa ntchito chachingelezi chachingerezi cha Chingerezi ndi gwero la nkhani zambiri ndi nthano. Zinapanga njirayi kuchokera ku Monterey nthawi ina kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1820. N'kutheka kuti bambo Lasuen anapatsidwa mwayi wofufuza ndi British explorer Vancouver. Chiwalocho chinamangidwa ku London ndipo chiri choposa mamita asanu m'litali, mamita awiri m'lifupi ndi 18 mainchesi chakuya. M'kati mwake muli mapaipi 17 a matabwa ndi mapaipi 29 a zitsulo omwe amveka pang'onopang'ono. Nthano zina zinkazungulira chiwalo ichi, chimodzi mwa izo chinapereka mphamvu zachilendo ndikuchigwirizanitsa ndi chiyambi cha mission.
Chiwalo ndi chinthu chosamvetseka kukhala nawo mu mpingo, ngakhale. Nyimbo zake zimaphatikizapo kuti "Pitani kwa Mdyerekezi, Spanish Waltz, College Hornpipe, ndi Lady Campbell's Reel," amadziwika bwino ndi oyendetsa sitima kuposa abambo odzipereka.
Nkhani yosangalatsa kwambiri yokhudza ziwalo za mbiya imadziwika ku Sunset Magazine ya The California Missions: A Pictorial History : "Pa nkhani zambiri zokhudzana ndi gulu la mbiya, imodzi mwa zabwino kwambiri imasonyeza mphamvu zake zowonongeka pazofanana ndi zosowa za mwana. Kulimbana ndi Amwenye a ku Tulare adagonjetsedwa pa ntchito tsiku lina, ndipo a neophyte adathamanga kukabisala.
Mwamwayi, padreyo inkayenda bwino. Iye adatulutsa chigwirizano cha manja ndikuyamba kugwedeza. The neophytes anagwedezeka ndikuyamba kuimba ndi nyimbo zawo, ndipo zotsatira zake zakuti adani awo anali atakakamizidwa kwambiri kuti agone zida zawo ndikufuna nyimbo zina, ngakhale kufunsa kuti akhalebe kuti azisangalala nthawi zonse . "