Eggerge Egg Mbiri ndi Miyambo
Mazira a Faberge ndi mbali ya chikhalidwe cha Russia ndi mbiri zomwe zakhudza dziko lapansi, mofanana ndi zidole za nyere ndi zochitika zina za ku Russia. Kuwonetsera kwawo kwa luso, kufunika, ndi kuwonjezeka kumawonjezera chinsinsi ndi chikondi chomwe chikuzungulira. Koma n'chifukwa chiyani iwo analengedwa, nkhani yawo ndi yani, ndipo alendo angakonde kuti aone Russia tsopano?
Kutsogoleredwa mu Mwambo
Zikhalidwe za kummawa kwa Ulaya zakhala zikuwoneratu zizindikiro m'mazira, ndipo dzira la Isitala lakhala likuyimira zikhulupiriro zachikunja ndi zachikhristu kwazaka zambiri.
Anthu omwe analipo Chikristu chisanayambe adakongoletsa mazira pogwiritsa ntchito utoto wachilengedwe, ndipo lero dziko lirilonse (ndipotu dera lililonse) liri ndi njira yake komanso machitidwe omwe akhala akuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo ya mabanja okongoletsa mazira kulemekeza chipembedzo chawo, kupezeka monga mphatso, kupanga bwinja ndi zinthu zotetezera, kulongosola zam'tsogolo, ndi kuthamangitsana wina ndi mzake mpikisano. Zikondwerero za Isitala ku Russia zimafunikanso kukongoletsera komanso kupereka mazira kwa mazira a tchuthi lofunika kwambiri.
Mazira Oyamba a Faberge
Iwo anali kunja kwa mwambo wamba wamba wamba womwe lingaliro la Faberge mazira linabadwa. Inde, mafumu a ku Russia ankadziŵika chifukwa cha ndalama zowonongeka komanso chikondi chaulemerero, ndipo mazira a Isitala omwe anali olemekezeka olamulira ankayenera kukhala okongola, okwera mtengo, ndi olemba. Russian Tsar ndi mfumu Alexander III ndi oyamba kuti apange dzira lapadera la Isitala mu 1885, lomwe linaperekedwa kwa mkazi wake. Dzira limeneli linali Mkuku wa Hen, dzira la enamel lomwe linali ndi yolk yomwe inalinso ndi nkhuku yokhala ndi ziwalo zosuntha.
Nkhuku inali ndi zozizwitsa zina ziwiri (korona yaing'ono ndi ruby-yomwe inatha tsopano).
Anali ntchito ya Peter Carl Faberge yomwe inachititsa kuti dzira limeneli, loyambirira pa makumi asanu ndi limodzi liyenera kutsatira. Faberge ndi zokongoletsera zake zodzikongoletsera zinapangitsa chidwi chawo ku Russia, ndipo luso lakumisiri ndi wamalonda wazamalonda adamupangitsa kuti apange mazira omwe akupitirizabe kutisangalatsa lero.
Ngakhale kuti golide ndi maulendo a enamel omwe amawoneka ngati mazira omwe nthawi zambiri amawatcha kuti Faberge mazira, choyamba ndizojambula zodziwika bwino kwambiri zopangidwa ndi akatswiri amisiri.
Mazira a Faberge monga Mwambo
Mkuyu wa Hen umalimbikitsa mwambo wa tsar wopatsa dzira la Isitala kwa mkazi wake. Peter Carl Faberge anapanga mazira ndi zofunikira zawo kudabwa. Gulu lake la amisiri linapanga kupanga dzira lililonse, pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, zowonongeka, ndi miyala kuphatikizapo miyala ya miyala, ruby, jadeite, diamondi, ndi ngale zina kuphatikizapo ngale.
Alexander III anapereka mazira kwa mkazi wake, Maria Fedorovna, chaka chilichonse mpaka imfa yake mpaka 1894. Pambuyo pake, mwana wake, Nicholas II, anatenga mwambo umenewu ndipo adapatsa mazira a Faberge kwa amayi ake ndi mkazi wake chaka chilichonse, kusemphana kwafupipafupi kwa nkhondo ya Russian-Japan, mpaka 1916. Mazira ena awiri adakonzedwa kuti apange chaka cha 1917, koma chaka chino adanena kuti kutha kwa ufumu wa Russia ndi mazira sizinafike kwa iwo omwe adalandira.
Mazira ameneŵa sanali zokongola zokha, ngakhale kuti zimakondweretsa diso. Kaŵirikaŵiri iwo anali ndi zochitika zofunikira, monga Egg Coronation yomwe inachititsa kukwera kwa Nicholas II ku korona kapena Romanov Tercentenary Yai yomwe idakondwerera zaka 300 za ulamuliro wa banja la Romanov.
Kupyolera mwa zojambulazo, gawo lina la mbiri yakale la Russia likunenedwa kupyolera mwa maso a banja lachifumu.
Faberge anapanganso mazira kwa otchuka ku Ulaya ndi olemera, ngakhale kuti izi sizinali zazikulu monga zomwe zinapangidwira banja lachifumu la Russia. Misonkhanoyi inapanga zinthu zambiri zokongoletsera za Romanovs ndi anthu olemekezeka, akulamulira mabanja, ndi olemera ndi amphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo mafelemu osakanikirana, mafelemu, ma tebulo, mabala ovala, zodzikongoletsera, ndi maluwa.
Tsoka la Mazira
Zotsutsana za 1917 Russian Revolution, zonsezi chifukwa cha kutha kwa ufumu ndi chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwachuma ndi ndale za mtunduwo, kuika Faberge mazira-komanso maiko ambiri a ku Russia ndi amisiri. Patapita nthawi, pansi pa Stalin, zidutswa zamtengo wapatali zinagulitsidwa mofulumira kwa ogulitsa olemera.
Osonkhanitsa monga Armand Hammer ndi Malcolm Forbes anathamanga kukatenga zidutswa zamtengo wapatali za luso lokongoletsa. Amwenye Achimwenye otchuka omwe amatha kuyika manja awo pa ma workshop a Faberge akuphatikizapo JP Morgan, Jr. ndi Vanderbilts, ndipo pang'onopang'ono iwo anakhala gawo la zopindulitsa zapadera. Chiwonetsero cha 1996-97 chotchedwa Faberge ku America chinawonetsa zinthu izi m'mbali mwa malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ku United States, kuphatikizapo Metropolitan Museum of Art ku New York, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, ndi Cleveland Museum of Art.
Ngakhale mazira ambiri akadalipo, zina mwa zodabwitsa zawo zatha.
Malo a Mazira
Si mazira onse omwe adachoka ku Russia, omwe ndi uthenga wabwino kwa alendo omwe akufuna kuona mazira awo. Mazira khumi angapezeke ku Armory Museum ya Kremlin , yomwe ili ndi mbiri yakale ya mbiri yakale ya Russia, kuphatikizapo korona, mipando yachifumu, ndi chuma china. Mazira a mchifumu mumsonkhano wa Armory Museum akuphatikizapo buluu la Memory of Azov Mazira a 1891; Maluwa a Lilies Clock Mazira a 1899; Eti ya ku Trans-Siberian Yai ya 1900; The Clover Leaf Mazira a 1902; Mzinda wa Moscow Kremlin Yai ya 1906; Alexander Palace Yai ya 1908; Mazira a Standart Yacht a 1909; Alexander III Ophika Otsatira wa 1910; Mayi wa Romanov Tercentenary wa 1913; ndi Egg Steel Military Yai ya 1916.
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yotchedwa Faberge Museum ku St. Petersburg ili ndi nyumba yosungiramo mazira a Viktor Vekselburg. Kuwonjezera pa mazira oyamba a Hen omwe anayambitsa mwambo wazira la Faberge Easter, mazira ena asanu ndi atatu akhoza kuwonekera mu nyumba yosungirako zinthu: Musai wa Renaissance wa 1894; Rosebud Mazira a 1895; Egg Corationation ya 1897; Maluwa a Chigwa Mazira a 1898; Cockerel Mazira a 1900; Chikondwerero chachisanu ndi chiwiri Mazira a 1911; Mtengo wa Mtengo wa Edzi wa 1911; ndi Order ya St. George Yai ya 1916. Mazira osakhala achifumu (mazira osapangidwira banja lachifumu la Russia) omwe anaphatikizidwa mumagulu a Vekselburg ndi mazira awiri opangidwa ndi olemba mafakitale Alexander Kelch ndi mazira ena anayi opangidwa kwa anthu osiyanasiyana.
Mazira ena a Faberge amwazikana m'misamu yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Ulaya ndi United States.