William Wopambana ndi 1066 Normandy Trail mu 2016

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Tibwerereni ife pa Trail ya William ndi Norman Conquest

Mu October 1066 William adachoka ku Normandy kupita ku England ku nkhondo ya Hastings

2016 ndi chaka cha 950 cha nkhondo yayikuru yomwe inasintha gulu la Chingerezi ndipo adayika maziko a dziko lomwe tikulidziwa lero.

Ndilo tsiku lofunika kwambiri ndipo a About.com a United Kingdom Travel ndi France Akatswiri akuyenda asonkhanitsa nkhaniyi ndikuwonetseratu zizindikiro, zikumbutso, malo omenyera nkhondo ndi malo osungirako anthu omwe mungathe kuwachezera lero kuti mubweretse nkhaniyo. Mwezi uliwonse m'chaka cha 2016 tidzakutengani ku malo otchuka ndi kumenyana nkhondo ku UK ndi ku France, ndikukwaniritsa zochitika zonse zomwe zakonzedwa.

• Dziwani chithunzi cha Chingerezi kuchokera ku katswiri wa UK.com.com .

02 a 04

Normandy ku Middle Ages

• Normandy ali mwana

Normandy inawona gawo lake labwino la anthu akale akukhala m'minda yake yobiriwira ndi nkhalango zabwino, kuyambira nthawi za Neolithic kufika ku Celts wa zaka zamkuwa mpaka ku Aroma. Mfumu ya Roma Diocletian inakhazikitsa chigawo cha Normandy m'zaka za zana lachitatu, ndipo malirewo akugwirizana kwambiri ndi Normandy yamakono. Panthawi ina wolamulira wachiroma Constantius adatenga onse a Britain ndi Gaul, ndipo maiko awiriwa adalumikizana panthawi yoyamba, koma osati nthawi yotsiriza.

Normandy Akukula M'kufunika

Pamene Aroma adachoka mu zaka za m'ma 400 AD, ambiri a France ndi Britain adagonjetsedwa ndi nkhondo za mafuko, boma lomwe linatha zaka mazana awiri kufikira kutuluka kwa Charlemagne wamkulu (c.742-814) omwe adakwaniritsa chidwi chogwirizanitsa anthu ambiri a kumadzulo. Europe, kutembenuza anthu ake kukhala Chikhristu ndikusintha mapu ndi chikhalidwe cha mapu a Europe nthawi zonse ndi Renaissance ya Caroline.

M'zaka za m'ma 900, Normandy anakhala gawo la Ufumu wa West Franks, wolamulidwa ndi mafumu a Frankish mpaka 987. Kenaka adapita kwa a Capetian ndi Hugh Capet. Kale Duke wa ku Ile de France, dera loyandikana ndi Paris, adakhala Mfumu ya zomwe kale zinkadziwika kuti France.

Nanga bwanji za Viking?

Mofanana ndi malo ambiri, mbiri ya Normandy ndi webusaiti yovunda. Zikuoneka kuti zinali pansi pa Mfumu ya France, koma inauzidwa kuchokera kumbali zonse, makamaka makamaka ndi mafunde owopsya, owopsya a zigawenga za ku Denmark.

Viking yafika ku France; England inali yoyamba, ndipo ili pafupi. Mafunde oyambirira a Vikings anafunkha, koma mwamsanga anatsatiridwa ndi alimi ndi amalonda ndipo posakhalitsa iwo anafika ku England.

Pofika mu 845, ma Vikings adafika ku Paris chifukwa cha nkhondo zawo. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake iwo adakhazikika ndipo ndi 911 Viking 'Jarl' kapena mtsogoleri, Rollo, (Rollon mu French) anali wowerengera Rouen ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuti anakakamiza kuthetsa ndi French King Charles the Simple, kutenga gawo la Normandy. Sizinali zoipa zonse kwa French; Ma Vikings adateteza dera lonse ku Paris lomwe linali loopsya kwambiri pamtsinje wa Seine.

Kukwatirana pakati pa mabanja otsogolera kunachititsa kusakaniza kosokoneza kwa kukhulupirika ndi kusakhulupirika, zodzinenera ndi zotsutsa. Zomwe zinaphatikizapo zambiri ndi zazing'ono zinali kuti Richard I, mdzukulu wamkulu wa Rollo, anatenga dzina la Duk of Normandy.

Zambiri za Vikings Zoopsa

• Pitani ku La Tour de L'Horloge ku Guines Ulendo wa masiku atatuwu ndi wabwino kwa mabanja ndi mbiri za anthu ndipo amalowa ku Vikings
• Pitani ku Le Puy du Fou Park Park Iyi idasankhidwa kuti ikhale malo okongola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, koma iyenera kulemba mndandanda wa zosiyana siyana, zowonjezereka. Viking yamawonedwe amakhala ndi chikwangwani chowombera kuchokera ku mafunde ndikukakamiza mwana aliyense wachinyamata kuti awonongeke ndi kupha. Dinani apa kuti muwonere kanema pawonetsero

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Tsatirani Mtsinje Wopambana wa Wachiyambi wa William

c. 1027: William Akulowetsa Padzikoli

William anabadwira ku nsanja ya Falaise m'chaka cha 1027/28 (zolembazo zinali zochepa kwambiri ndipo zinatayika) kwa Duke Robert wa Normandy (wotchedwa Robert Devil ndi mwana wamkulu Duke Richard II) ndi mbuye wake Herleva. Anakwatirana ndi Herluin de Conteville ndipo anamuberekera ana aamuna awiri, Odo amene anakhala Bishopu wa Bayeux ndi Robert, Count of Mortain.

Duke Robert anamwalira mu 1035 kapena 6 ndipo William anatenga mutuwu ali ndi zaka 7 kapena 8.

• Pitani ku Castle of Falaise

Zaka Zakale za William Zakale

Udindo wa William wachinyamata unali wosatsimikizika koma wosadandaula chifukwa cha thandizo la Mfumu Henry I ku France amene anazindikira kufunika kwa Normandy. Komabe izi zinali nthawi yosayeruzika: olemekezeka adamenyera maiko ndi mipingo ndi Alan III wa Brittany ankayang'ana mnansi wake wolemera. Kuchokera pa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, William adadalira okhulupirira okhulupirika ndi omusamalira omwe anali ndi chizoloŵezi choipa chakufa kapena kutumizidwa mofulumira ndi adani awo; Mmodzi mwa iwo akuphedwa m'nyumba ya William.

Ngakhale nyumba zake zapamwamba zinali zopanda chitetezo. Ali ndi zaka 18 anayenera kuthana ndi kupanduka kwina komwe kunatsogoleredwa ndi msuweni wake Guy wa ku Burgundy. Pamene ankakhala ku Valognes ku Cotentin Peninsula khoti lake linamveka chiwembu chofuna kupha William. Mnyamata wamng'onoyo anathawira pa akavalo usiku kukafika ku nyumba ya Hubert de Ries yemwe anamutumiza ku Falaise pamodzi ndi ana ake atatu omwe anali alonda. Anathaŵa m'minda, ndipo ena mwa iwo anawatcha kuti Sente au Bâtard (Njira ya Bastard) kudutsa mtsinje Gronde.

• Tsatirani William Flight. Pali njira yoyendera alendo pamene William akuthamanga m'midzi ya Asnelles ndi Ryes pafupi ndi Arromanches-les-Bains, omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse D-Day Landings.

1047: William Adza Kumanja

Kumayambiriro kwa 1047 inali nthaŵi yoti agwirizane ndi opandukawo ndipo William ndi Henry adatsutsa adani ake, kuwagonjetsa pa nkhondo ya Val-ès-Dunes pafupi ndi Caen. " Nkhondo yopambana yomwe, mu tsiku limodzi, inaphwanya nyumba zambiri " anafukula wolemba mbiri mmodzi monga adani a William adatsika ngati mapiko asanu ndi anayi. Zinali zosinthira kwa duke wamng'ono yemwe adatulutsa Chigamulo cha Mulungu nthawi zonse zomwe zinkaletsa nkhondo ndi chiwawa kwa masiku ena a chaka. Mu code yachilendo koma yamphamvu yapakati, izi zinamvera.

• Tsatirani Nkhondo ya Val-ès-Dunes. Ofesi ya Tourist ya Val-ès-Dunes yakhazikitsa mapu oyendayenda omwe mungatsatire, athandizidwa ndi mapepala pa malo omenyera nkhondo.

1051: William Triumphs

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1050 William adachita ntchito yake ku Normandy. Pamene Hugh, wolamulira wa Maine, adafa mu 1051, adziŵerengera Wowerengera wa Anjou, Geoffrey Martel, adalowera. Anagonjetsa kumadzulo kumadzulo kwa Alençon ndi Domfront m'malire a Normandy ndi Maine koma adagonjetsedwa ndi William ndi Henry.

Kumbuyo kunali, monga dera lonse, la mwiniwake wa William wa Bellême koma kuti wopambana apite zofunkha. Ndi mabwinja a nyumba ya Bellême yomwe ilipobe ndipo iyi ndi yosungirako ndi chapeleri yomwe inali gawo la nyumba yomangidwa ndi mwana wa 3 William W Conqeror, Henri 1st Beauclerc, mbuye wa Domfront kuchokera mu 1092, ndiye Mfumu ya England (1100) ndi mfumu ya ku Normandy (1106).

Pamaso anali njira yofunikira, kuyendetsa njira kuchokera ku Caen kupita ku Maine ndi Anjou kumpoto mpaka kum'mwera, kuchokera ku Alençon kupita ku Le-Mont-St-Michel kupita kummawa ndi kumadzulo.

• Pamwamba ndi tauni yokongola, yoyenera kuyendera.

1051 mpaka 53: William Akuyesa Ally Wofunika

Panthawiyi Henry anali kudandaula kwambiri kuti William ali ndi mphamvu zowonjezera, kotero kuti panjira ya nkhondo yapakatikati, Henry Henry anasintha mbali, akuthandiza William, Count of Arques, omwe mayiko ake anathamangira kumwera kwa Dieppe.

Mu 1053 William of Arques anakangana ndi Duche yemwe anali atagonjetsa nsanja yake ndipo adamutumizira. Kumapeto kwa 1053 William anali kumenyana ndi Mfumu, akuluakulu ake komanso bishopu wamkulu wa Rouen, Mauger.

1054: Kupambana Kwina, ndiye ....

Chiwonetserochi chinabwera mu February 1054. William anakumana ndi Henry ku Evreux, kumwera kwa Rouen kumalire akum'mawa kwa Normandy. Ankhondo a wachiwiri a William omwe adaphatikizapo omutsatira monga Robert, Count of Eu, Walter Giffard, Roger wa Mortemer ndi William de Warenne, anakumana ndi azondi ena otsogoleredwa ndi Odo, mchimwene wa Mfumu Henry. Malinga ndi wolemba mbiri, William wa Jumièges, Achifalansa anali otanganidwa kwambiri kugwiririra ndi kulanda kuti anagwidwa osakonzeka kwathunthu. Nkhondo yotsatira ya Mortemer inali chigonjetso cha William ndi anyamata ake pamene ambiri mwa anthu a ku France anaphedwa.

Panali mpumulo pang'ono; Henry ndi Geoffrey anagonjanso mpaka mu 1057 pamene William anagonjetsanso nkhondo ku Varaville, kumadzulo kwa Cabourg.

Sizinafike mpaka 1060 komanso imfa ya Henry ndi Geoffrey kuti William akhoza kukhala otetezeka.

Kusintha kwa Mphamvu ku England

Edward wa Confederation wa England adalengeza William kukhala wolowa nyumba ya Chingerezi kuyambira 1051, malinga ndi William. Mu January 1066 Edward anamwalira ndipo Harold Godwinson anavekedwa Mfumu. William adayamba kukonzekera.

• Dziwani chithunzi cha Chingerezi kuchokera ku katswiri wa ku UK .

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Konzani ulendo wopita ku Modern Normandy

Normandy lerolino imaphimba mofanana kwambiri ndi zaka za m'ma Middle Ages. Ndilo dera lokongola ndi nyanja yayikulu ya mabomba ambirimbiri a mchenga ndi Cotentin Peninsula yokongola yomwe imayang'ana mu English Channel. Zimaphatikizapo malo akuluakulu a Normandy D-Day Landing Beache , malo ogulitsira nyanja a Fecamp, Honfleur ndi Deauville ndi Mont-St-Michel ndi nyumba yake ya amonke.

Rouen ndilo likulu ndipo adali mzinda waukulu, wolemera nthawi ya William. Icho chinagwira ntchito ya Exchequer ya Normandy ndipo inali likulu la mitundu yambiri ya Anglo-Norman yomwe inalamulira France ndi England kuyambira zaka za m'ma 15 ^mpaka 1500. Onani malo okwera komanso zokopa ku Rouen .

• Dziwani chithunzi cha Chingerezi kuchokera ku katswiri wa UK.com.com .
• Dziwani zomwe zinachitikira mwana wa William ku New Forest ku UK ku Rufus Stone